Recreation And Sports Facilities In Ipswich â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Recreation And Sports Facilities In Ipswich? Answer: Introducation The plaintiff and the defendant entered into a contract to construct five multi-purpose recreation and sports facilities in Ipswich, Brisbane and Beaudeser, Toowoomba and Logan City. Although the plaintiff commenced manufacturing and designing but did not start the construction as was required by the contract and the defendant terminated the contract. Plaintiff claims reliance damages for the works done under the contract as the termination notice was an invalid exercise. Defendants Submissions Wrongful Termination The defendant had entered into a contract with the Plaintiff in July 2016 and the subject matter of the contact was to construct a five multi-purpose recreation and sports facilities in Ipswich, Brisbane and Beaudeser, Toowoomba and Logan City. The plaintiff failed to commence with the construction of the sports and the recreational facilities and merely initiated with the manufacturing and designing of the project. The defendant terminated the contact based on the ground that the plaintiff had repudiated when he failed to commence construction, which forms the subject matter of the contract. In Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Pty Ltd [2007] 233 CLR 115, 135 party to a contract is said to have repudiated the contract when their conduct is such that any prudent person would believe that the party the does not have any intentions to be bound by the contract. Such conduct shall also imply that the plaintiff intends to fulfill the contract in a manner that is contrary to the obligations conferred on such party[1]. The plaintiff had initiated the design and manufacturing of the multi-purpose sports and recreational facilities but did not commence with the construction of the recreational and sports facility, which signifies that the plaintiff did not have any intention to perform the contract[2]. Hence, the defendant had terminated the contract on the ground of breach of the contract which in order to be considered as repudiation must be sufficiently severe to give rise to the right to terminate. The plaintiff committed a breach of contract by failing to commence construction of the multi-purpose sports and recreational facilities. In law of contract if either party to the contract commits a breach of the contractual terms, the innocent party is entitled to terminate the contract. This is particular when the contractual term infringed by the breaching party has been agreed to be an essential term (i.e. a condition) between the parties to the contract as was ruled in the Koompahtoos case. If the breached term is a condition, the aggrieved party shall be entitled to terminate the contract with respect to the breach of such contractual term. In order to determine whether the term breached was essential (i.e. condition) the test of essentiality must be applied. Thos would enable to comprehend whether the nature of the contract signifies that the promise made to the promise was so essential that in the absence of such promise, he would not have formed the contract if he had not been assured of the performance of the promise. If the contractual term breached by the plaintiff was a warranty or a non-essential term, the innocent party shall be entitled to claim damages but cannot end the contract. If the violated term is an intermediate or an innominate term, the contract is entitled to be terminated[3]. However, the termination depends on the seriousness of the breach of such contractual term. A contract can be terminated for breach of any non-essential or an intermediate contractual term. In Hongkong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kisha Ltd [1962] 2 QB 26[4], it was held that for claiming a breach of any contractual term, the innocent party must establish that the breach was of serious nature and the seriousness of the breach shall enable the innocent party to end the contract. The aggrieved party must establish that such breach has deprived him of the significant benefits that he was otherwise entitled to receive had the contract been performed. In Ankar v national Westminster Finance, it was held that in some cases the it becomes difficult to determine whether the term breached is intermediate term or not owing to the ambiguousness of the language of the term. Under such circumstances, such terms shall be considered as both an essential and non-essential term. The seriousness of the breach shall determine whether the termination of the contract was justified. The subject matter of the contract entered into between the defendant and the plaintiff as to construct multi-purpose sports and recreational facilities but the plaintiff failed to commence with the construction, which implies his intention of not performing his contractual obligation. Due to such failure on part of the plaintiff, the defendant had been deprived of the benefits he would have obtained otherwise, if the plaintiff had fulfilled his contractual obligations. As mentioned in the Hongkongs case, the defendant is entitled to repudiate the contract on the ground of breach of the contract on part of the plaintiff. Wrongful termination 2.1. If the defendant had not terminated the contract, even then it still would have been deprived of the benefits as the plaintiff had merely started with the designing and manufacturing process and the defendant could not make use of the sports and recreational facilities as its construction had not yet been commenced. It could be said that the breach had an overarching impact on the end objective of the contract. 2.2. In the case Piattchanine, Iouri v Phosagro Asia Pte Ltd [2015] SGHC 25[5], the High Court held that the employer is entitled to terminate a contract under Common Law on the ground of breach of a contractual term and the essence of the contractual term breached depends on the facts of the case. The plaintiff had failed to start the construction of the multi-purpose project, which formed the subject matter of the contract and hence can be considered as an essential term of the contract. The defendant is entitled to terminate the contract under Common Law on ground of breach of an essential contractual term. 2.3. If a party is free to terminate a contract on notice, there is no stipulated requirement under the Common law to provide reasons to the party for terminating the contract as was ruled in Intico (Vic) Pty Ltd Ors v Walmsley [2004][6]. 2.4. In order to end the contract on the grounds of breach of any contractual term, it is imperative to identify the term that is alleged to have been infringed and the nature of the term should also be determined. If the term breached is an essential term irrespective of the fact how minor the term is, it shall be considered as a breach of an essential contractual term and the innocent party shall become entitled to terminate the contract. 2.5. If the term is not an essential term, that nature of the breach should be taken into consideration. As was observed in the Koompahtoos case, it is essential for the defendant to establish that the plaintiff had committed a breach of the proviso of the contra and the term was fundamental to the contract, hence the breach is of serious nature. The breach goes to the root of the contract and deprives the defendant or the aggrieved party significantly of the benefits that the innocent party as entitled to if the breach of the contractual term had not taken place on part of the plaintiff[7]. 2.6. The termination of the contract by defendant was based on the ground of a breach of an essential term of the contract, which was to construct a multi-purpose recreational, and sports facilities in Ipswich, Brisbane and Beaudeser, Toowoomba and Logan City. Due to the failure to commence the construction, it amounted to a breach of an essential term of the contract, which formed the subject matter of the contract. Such breach is considered as a fundamental breach and goes to the root the contract, thus, depriving the defendant from significant benefits which he was entitled to, had the contract was not breached. The defendant is entitled to claim compensation as ruled in the Kommpahtoos case. 2.7. The defendant had terminated the contract based on the breach of contractual term, which is considered as condition that gives rise to the right of the innocent party to terminate the contract. The defendant had notified the plaintiff about the termination of the contract and that the termination was conducted based on the breach of the contractual terms and not on the basis of repudiatory breach. In case the breach was conducted on the grounds of repudiation, the defendant would have had a chance to raise new grounds for terminating the contract. 2.6. the plaintiff had claimed that he relied on the contractual promise stipulated in the contract that it shall not be terminated unless the defendant notifies the plaintiff regarding the termination of the contract by giving reasons for it. However, as observed in the Inticos case, the employer is entitled to end a contract without giving any reasons for such termination under the Common law. The failure of the plaintiff to construct the multi-purpose project was a willful breach and the defendant had notified the plaintiff about the termination of contract on the grounds of breach of the contractual term, which was fundamental to the contract. 2.7. The plaintiff had further contended under clauses 5.5 that the plaintiff had entered into the contract with the belief that this contract would led him to earn huge profits in the future and that the defendant would form future contracts with him as well[8]. However, in order to form a valid contract it is imperative that both the parties to the contract agree by the terms of the contract and have legal intend to become legally bound by the contractual terms. In other words, both the parties to the contract must have the intention to perform the contractual terms of the contract without committing any breach of the contract. The plaintiff was aware that the subject matter or an indispensable term of the contract was the construction of the multi-purpose project in the five locations. The plaintiff commenced with the designs and the manufacturing but did not commence the construction of the project which implies that the plaintiff did not have any legal intention to perform his p art of the obligations and by non-commencing the construction of the project, it signified breach of an essential contractual term or a condition. 2.8. The defendant would have entered into other contracts with the plaintiffs had the plaintiff not failed to perform his part of the contractual obligations. Further, the defendant did not compel the plaintiff to enter into the contract at the cost of incurring a loss of $250000. The plaintiff had agreed to the terms of the contract and had entered into the contract voluntarily. The defendant promised the plaintiff of the substantial performance of the contract and was willing to perform the contractual obligation on part of the defendant. The plaintiff had willfully committed a breach of the contractual term by not fulfilling his obligation to construct the multi-purpose sports and recreational facility project in the five stipulated locations. 2.9. The plaintiff claims reliance damages to recoup the expenses incurred by the plaintiff to the extent that the plaintiff would have been entitled to recoup, had the contract was performed and not terminated[9]. As observed in the Piattchanines case, the defendant dismissed the claim of the plaintiff with respect to expenses incurred on the ground that the plaintiff had committed a willful breach of a contractual term, which amounts to a fundamental breach of the contract. Such willful breach deprives the defendant from substantial benefits that he would have otherwise obtained if the contract as fulfilled. The plaintiff failed to exercise reasonable care while performing his part of the obligation and has failed to the act in the best interests of the defendant. Reference list Stewart, Andrew. Stewart's guide to employment law. Vol. 3. Sydney: Federation Press, 2013. Painter, Richard, and Ann Holmes. Cases and materials on Employment Law. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. Selwyn, Norman M., and Astra Emir. Selwyn's law of employment. Oxford University Press, USA, 2014. McKendrick, Ewan. Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK), 2014. Adriaanse, Mr John. Construction contract law. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Hughes, Will, Ronan Champion, and John Murdoch. Construction contracts: law and management. Routledge, 2015. Intico (Vic) Pty Ltd Ors v Walmsley [2004] Piattchanine, Iouri v Phosagro Asia Pte Ltd [2015] SGHC 25 Hongkong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kisha Ltd [1962] 2 QB 26 Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Pty Ltd [2007] 233 CLR 115, 135 [1] [2007] 233 CLR 115, 135 [2] Stewart, Andrew. Stewart's guide to employment law. Vol. 3. Sydney: Federation Press, 2013. [3] Painter, Richard, and Ann Holmes. Cases and materials on Employment Law. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. [4] [1962] 2 QB 26 [5] [2015] SGHC 25 [6] [2004] [7] Selwyn, Norman M., and Astra Emir. Selwyn's law of employment. Oxford University Press, USA, 2014. [8] Adriaanse, Mr John.Construction contract law. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. [9] Hughes, Will, Ronan Champion, and John Murdoch.Construction contracts: law and management. Routledge, 2015.

The Secret Life of Bees free essay sample

The Secret Life of Bees Monk Kidd  «The Secret Life of Bees » is a historical novel by American author Sue Monk Kidd. It is a story of coming-of-age, of the ability of love to transform our lifes. Adressing the wounds of loss, betrayal and the scarcity of love, Kidd demonstratesthe power of women, coming together to heal those wounds, to mother each other and themselves, to create a new holy place – true family and home. The novel received much critical acclaim and was a New York Times bestseller. In 2005 it was adopted into a film by Ginn Prince-Bythewood. The Secret Life of Bees » is the story of Lily, a fourteen-year-old girl who runs away from her unloving father to search for secrets of her dead mother`s past. The setting of the novel is South Carolina in 1964, a time when racial tensions were inflamed by civil rights movement and white racists`frequently violent responses to it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Life of Bees or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Against this backdrop, Lily and her house-keeper, Rosalin, find shelter in the home of the eccentric Boatwright sisters, three African American beekeepers who worship before the statue of a Black Madonna they call  «Our Lady in Chains ». There Lily finds love and acceptance and begins to come n terms with the quilt she feels over her mother`s death. Lily has a special relationship with bees. At night, they squeeze through the cracks of her bedroom wall by the hundreds and fly circles around her room until the air itself pulsating with wings. They seem to indicate to Lily where is her right path. Every chapter opens with a short description of he life of bees which is always has a connection with the plot. In the climax of the story the sisters Boatright, the beekeepers, empart to Lily the sectets of the Black Madonna, mother to thousands. T. Ray Owens is the hateful, peach-farming antagonist of the novel, is feeling particularly meen towards Lily. He is a monstrous and abusive father. There is not apparent love in his heart for Lily whatsoever, and living with him only deepens the ubiquitous pain of her motherless existence. Deborah Owens`death is a source of great anguish and mystery for the confused adolescent, a memory from when she was four that she still can`t quite get her head around. Lily`s only true friend is Rosalin, a large black peach-worker who T. Ray brought to the house to care for Lily when her mother died.  «The Secret Life of Bees » is growing-up tale wrapped into a search for one`s mother, plunked down into the racially – charged South Carolina during the Civil rights movement, set alight with feminine spirituality. It is an inspirational feminist tale with strong female characters. And while it has already proven its` mettle as a best-selling novel with universal appeal, it will particularly enchant the female reader.

How effectively does Shakespeare introduce the characters and themes of Hamlet Essay Example

How effectively does Shakespeare introduce the characters and themes of Hamlet Paper To be or not to be that is the question Hamlet famously declaims in the third act of William Shakespeares longest drama, and one of the most probing plays ever to be performed on stage. Shakespeares Hamlet was written around the year 1600 in the final years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, who had been the monarch of England for more than forty years and was then in her late sixties. The prospect of Elizabeths death and the question of who would succeed her was a subject of grave anxiety at the time, since Elizabeth had no children, and the only person with a legitimate royal claim, James of Scotland, was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and therefore represented a political faction to which Elizabeth was opposed. Hamlet and many other Shakespeare plays from this period, unsurprisingly, explore this theme of the transfer of power from one monarch to the next, particularly focusing on the uncertainties, betrayals, and upheaval that accompany such shifts in power, and the general sense of anxiety and fear that surround them. These themes of disorder, dilemma and indecision, madness and revenge and the discrepancy between appearance and reality are mainly explored through the main characters, principally Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, Polonius, Laertes and Ophelia, and through the plot itself. We will write a custom essay sample on How effectively does Shakespeare introduce the characters and themes of Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How effectively does Shakespeare introduce the characters and themes of Hamlet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How effectively does Shakespeare introduce the characters and themes of Hamlet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, the first two acts in this drama are paramount in introducing the characters, and thus also themes, of Shakespeares play Hamlet for it to be regarded as one of the greatest plays ever to be written and staged in universal drama. As one critic, T. S. Elliot, remarks in his book On Poetry and Poets, the opening scene of Hamlet is as well constructed as that of any play ever written . Immediately, from the opening of the play, Shakespeare establishes a mood of anxiety and dread by using fragments of conversation, for example, Nay, answer me, stand and unfold yourself and Long live the King! The verses do not flow and their broken rhythms generate an atmosphere of unease, apprehension and confusion; this, and the fact that the play begins with the question Whos there? and is followed by six more in the next twenty lines, reveals from this early point of the play the notion of distrust and uncertainty that is prevalent throughout the play. In addition, the supernatural appearance of the ghost on a chilling, misty night outside Elsinore Castle indicates immediately that something is wrong in Denmark. The ghost serves to enlarge the shadow King Hamlet casts across Denmark, indicating that something about his death has upset the balance of nature. The appearance of the ghost also gives physical from to the fearful anxiety that surrounds the transfer of power after the kings death, seeming to imply, as Horatio sees it, a dark and frightening future for all. In addition, Horatio in particular sees the ghost as an ill omen, an extravagant and erring spirit, boding violence and turmoil in Denmarks future. The introduction of this character in the scene is important in signalling to the audience that there can be no doubt of the Ghosts existence or of its striking resemblance to the last King of Denmark, the valiant warrior, King Hamlet. This is due to the establishment of this character as a good-honoured man who is also educated, intelligent and sceptical of supernatural events. Before he sees the ghosts, he insists, Tush, tush, twill not appear, and even after seeing it he is reluctant to give full credence to stories of magic and mysticism. However, on seeing the ghost, Horatios ability to accept the truth at once, even when his predictions had been proven wrong, indicates the fundamental trustworthiness of his character. His reaction to the ghost functions to overcome the audiences sense of disbelief, since for a man as sceptical, intelligent and trustworthy as Horatio to believe in and fear the Ghost is far more convincing than if its only witnesses had been a pair of superstitious watchmen. In this subtle way, Shakespeare introduces Horatio from the first scene of the play not only to inaugurate the themes of disorder and uncertainty but also to represent the audiences perspective throughout this dark and ghostly scene. In a seemingly stark contrast, the second scene of the play is devoted to the apparently jovial court of the recently crowned King Claudius. If the area outside the castle is murky with the aura of dread and anxiety, the rooms inside the castle are committed to an energetic attempt to banish that aura, as the king, queen, and the courtiers desperately pretend that nothing is out of the ordinary. Claudiuss opening speech appears relaxed, level-headed, eloquent and persuasive. In spite of this, Shakespeare signals to the audience, long before they hear Claudius confess it, that the Kings public mask conceals a troubled mind. The merriment of the court seems superficial largely due to the fact that the idea of balance Claudius pledges to follow is unnatural. Claudiuss speech is full of contradictory words, ideas and phrases, beginning with Though yet of Hamlet our late brothers death / The memory be green, which combines the idea of death and decay with the idea of greenery, growth, and renewal. He also speaks of defeated joy, an auspicious and a drooping eye and dirge (a lament for the dead) in marriage, ideas which are at unease with one another, theatrical means of hinting at the hypocrisy Claudius embodies. Consequently, as a result of this clear dishonesty, this scene portrays as dire a situation as the first scene does. While in the first scene Shakespeare illustrates the sense of disorder, fear and danger through the guards panicked and forceful exchanges and the appearance of the ghost, the second scene hints at the corruption and weakness of Claudius, through the incongruities in his speech and the fallaciousness of the setting around him. Contrary to the dishonesty of Claudiuss character is the way Hamlet is introduced through the first two acts. Prince Hamlet, devastated by his fathers death and betrayed by his mothers marriage, is introduced as the only character who is unwilling to play along with Claudiuss gaudy attempt to mimic a healthy royal court. His words to Claudius are cryptic so that he can be rude to the clever Claudius whilst giving little away to the court. His first words, A little more than kin and less than kind, suggest how Hamlet feels that he is neither kindly disposed towards his uncle, nor does he think that he is of the same kind, meaning from the same honourable class. His next response, Not so, my lord. I am too much in the sun adds more emphasis to this dark and mysterious side of Hamlet as he hints of his awareness of all the that is ongoing ever since his fathers death. The war of words is apparent in this scene between the two characters of Claudius and Hamlet as is the audiences sense that both of these characters know the truth but due to political concerns and fear of confrontation they do not openly say it, thereby highlighting a central theme in the play: that of the conflict between appearance and reality. While Claudius pretends to be unaware of the reasons for Hamlets anger and hatred, Hamlet in his uncertainty on how to exact revenge, is afraid to take decisive action and thus has to be content with making scathing comments in the hope of provoking some sort of admittance by Claudius of fowl play. His seven soliloquies are all centred on the most important existential themes: the emptiness of existence, suicide, death, suffering, action, a fear of death which puts off the most momentous decisions, the fear of the beyond, the degradation of the flesh, the triumph of vice over virtue, the pride and hypocrisy of human beings, and the difficulty of acting under the weight of a thought which makes cowards of us all. Thus, they probe his own situation, his mind and the problems attached to being human in a society characterised by duplicity and hypocrisy, and being an active agent in a moral universe. Hamlets first soliloquy in Act one Scene 2 opens with the emphatic line: O that this too too sullied flesh would melt, a cry of anguish and a longing for dissolution, which is however followed by an acknowledgement of the fundamental Christian injunction against suicide, thereby precluding escape from the burden of life. This question of the moral validity of suicide in an unbearable painful world haunts the rest of the play, reaching the height of its urgency in perhaps the most famous line in all of English Literature: To be, or not to be- that is the question. In this scene Hamlet mainly focuses on the appalling conditions of life, railing against Claudiuss court as an unweeded garden/ That grows to seed. Things rank and gross in nature/ Posses it merely. The listless tempo of the words How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable conveys his weariness. The speech contrasts dramatically with Claudiuss flowing lines as its verse starts and stops, punctuated by expressions of pain and confusion. This disjointed rhyme serves to reflect the dislocated progress of Hamlets thoughts which convey to the audience his inner turmoil. Moreover, in this soliloquy, Hamlets bewilderment and disgust at his mothers hasty remarriage and sexual depravity is revealed as he proceeds to a comparison in which his sanctified father is contrasted with his repugnant uncle, Hyperion to a satyr, the sun god is set against the mythical half-human, half-beast noted for sexual appetite. This disgust is not only apparent in the imagery but also in the sounds of Hamlets words. Hissing sibilants convey the young mans nausea as he imagines his other and his uncle in bed together: Oh most wicked speed, to post/ With such dexterity to incestuous sheets. The intensity of Hamlets disgust here underlines how impossible he finds it to come to terms with the incestuous union of his mother and his uncle and the indecent haste of his mothers re-marriage. In essence, Shakespeare uses this soliloquy to encapsulate and foreshadow several of the ideas, concepts and images that dominate this play: disillusionment so severe that suicide seems to be the only alternative, insincerity that leads to dramatic theatricality, Hamlets inability to express his feelings publicly or to replace his words with action which lead to further frustration, anger and passion, and a desperation and weakness that amounts to a betrayal of human decency, far beyond any religious considerations. Although the development of these ideas is gradual, the important role the first two acts play in illustrating the various concepts and in underlining their importance from early on, mainly through Hamlets soliloquies, cannot be exaggerated. A presentation of this can be seen through comparing Hamlets thoughts and actions in act one scene two to that of act two scene two, where he makes his second soliloquy. Again, Hamlet speaks in riddles, this time to Polonius. Although his words sound like nonsense, a thread of bitter satire runs through it giving the audience the impression that Hamlets remarks indeed are not madness, but forthright contempt, privileged rudeness in a court where no one speaks the truth. For example, importantly Hamlet declares, I am but mad north-north-west. When the wind is southerly, that is, he is only mad at certain calculated times, and the rest of the time he knows what is what. And, although he presents himself as sounding mad, a closer look at the directions reveals they do in fact point in one and the same way. Furthermore, in this scene, the longest by far in the play, Hamlet makes his second soliloquy following his involvement with the players. The presence of actors and the idea of a play within a play points to an important theme: that real life is in certain ways like play-acting. Hamlet professes to be amazed by the player kings ability to engage emotionally with the story he is telling even though it is only an imaginative recreation. He berates himself for displaying less passion when overwhelmed with grief and outrage than that displayed by an actor who is merely producing a performance. His self-disgust is evident through the insults he hurls at himself, calling himself among other things a rogue and pleasant slave and through his questioning of himself: Am I a coward? As his indignation reaches its zenith, assonance, rhythm and repetition illustrate the intensity of emotion, portraying his ever-worsening inner turmoil that threatens to erupt in the climax Bloody, bawdy villain! / Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindles villain! only to collapse into a state of exhaustion due to the continual failure to take action. The theme of dilemma and indecision is clearly dominant here, and it is due to Hamlets apparent lack of willingness to take action here that many view Hamlet as a play of words and emotion rather than action. One such critic, who takes this view, T. S. Elliot, remarked that Hamlet presented a character dominated by an emotion which is inexpressible because it exceeds the events that occur, the absolute opposite of Macbeth.   Yet, in contrast to these interpretations, Hamlet by the end of the play evolves from a dreamer to a man of action. While the play begins with Hamlet contemplating his fathers death and later on, in the graveyard scene, death itself, in the key image of the play where he holds Yoricks skull, Hamlet by the end of the play is no longer just like a student of the concepts of death. Instead, he becomes the tragic action hero who finds a divinity working through action. Although it is true that the impulse for his actions is imposed on him by other characters or by events, another interpretation see Hamlet as nevertheless extremely active: he listens to the ghost (which his friends refuse to do), he adopts a coarse attitude verging on insubordination, he violently rejects Ophelia, he thwarts one after the other plots aimed at revealing his plans, he stages for the court a show which is nothing but a trap in which he hopes to catch the king, he confronts his mother in a scene of extreme violence, and he fights Laertes. Engaging further in pure physical violence he kills Polonius, sends his friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths, kills the king, and is indirectly responsible for the death of Laertes. In conclusion, through the first two acts of the play, Shakespeare is very successful in introducing the main characters and themes of the play. While his introduction of Horatio and the ghost in the first scene is very important in establishing a mood of distress and anxiety, as well as touching on the themes of uncertainty and disorder, Shakespeares following scene builds on that to a great extent through the contrast between Claudius and Hamlet, the conflict between appearance and reality and through Hamlets first soliloquy of the play. In this soliloquy not only are Hamlets true emotions revealed to the audience but with it many of the central themes and concepts of the play are explored, such as the concept of severe disillusionment leading to the idea that suicide is the only viable option. It is thoughts and emotions such as these that are gradually developed in the novel; and which has led to Hamlet being regarded by many critics as the most powerful and probing play Shakespeare has ever written. The different interpretations of Hamlet and the play in general is only a natural consequence to the ambiguity and uncertainty that Shakespeare creates from very early on in his play. As one critic, John Dover Wilson remarks, Hamlet is very much like a dramatic essay in mystery; that is to say, the more it is examined, the more there is to discover. In that context, the first two acts of this drama have served not only as a very effective means of introducing the main characters and themes of the play, but also through the beautifully crafted soliloquies, Shakespeare probes the most daring aspects of the psychology of man and the history of human thinking through pieces of pure poetry, written in blank verse, sustained by a rhythm now smooth, now rugged, by a fast or a slow pace, offering his audience surprises in every line.

Free Essays on Barbarian

, â€Å"an intermediate generation between gods and mortals.† (Herodotus, pg. xxx) Herodotus The Histories is an amazing work. This work is titled a history, but it is important to remember that a history is not just a telling of past events. Even the most objective histories contain the biases and personal prejudices of the author. Herodotus is no exception. Within his many detailed stories and events, the reader can clearly sense his thoughts of Greek supremacy. The ancient Greek people were very proud of their culture for many different reasons. A main source of pride, however, was the Greek style of art and architecture. The Greek culture was very rich around the time of the fifth and sixth centuries BC, influencing many other cultures that came in contact with it. One such culture was that of the Persians. The Greek force defeated the Persian force, lead by Xerxes, in 479 BC. After this battle, there is evidence of Persian art having som... Free Essays on Barbarian Free Essays on Barbarian Barbarian. Within the text of Herodotus, this term meant â€Å"a non-Greek.† Originally, this term was not meant to be offensive or negative, but over time the Greeks began to think of themselves as culturally superior to the barbarians. The Greeks believed in a concept called â€Å"guest-friendship.† Guest friendship was when one man (or community) would extend his protection to an outsider visiting his community. Guest friendship involved reciprocal gift giving and was a very formal procedure. This process was eternally under the protection of the great Greek deity Zeus. Though the ancient Greeks entertained guests from various locations and cultures, they held to the fact that their own Greek culture was entirely pure and of their invention. Ancient Greeks did not cite the influences of others on their fine art. Within the ancient Greek culture, the term â€Å"hero† referred to a mortal made divine after death. In other words, â€Å"an intermediate generation between gods and mortals.† (Herodotus, pg. xxx) Herodotus The Histories is an amazing work. This work is titled a history, but it is important to remember that a history is not just a telling of past events. Even the most objective histories contain the biases and personal prejudices of the author. Herodotus is no exception. Within his many detailed stories and events, the reader can clearly sense his thoughts of Greek supremacy. The ancient Greek people were very proud of their culture for many different reasons. A main source of pride, however, was the Greek style of art and architecture. The Greek culture was very rich around the time of the fifth and sixth centuries BC, influencing many other cultures that came in contact with it. One such culture was that of the Persians. The Greek force defeated the Persian force, lead by Xerxes, in 479 BC. After this battle, there is evidence of Persian art having som...

Slavery and Marriage in The Braggart Soldier Essay

Slavery and Marriage in The Braggart Soldier - Essay Example The position of the women in Plautus’s society is also brought out through this play, through the married and the unmarried women, in the play who live out different roles. Slavery and Marriage in The Braggart Soldier The influence of social institutions is seen in most of one’s activities and art is no exception. The art of Plautus, reflects the social realities that existed during his age. Slavery and marriage were two of the most important institutions that were prevalent during the period that Plautus wrote his plays. These plays portray a certain kind of subversion that is possible on the part of these subaltern groups. They are able to obtain a certain kind of superiority over their masters and their clients for a certain amount of time. However, the superiority that they attain over their superiors is something that is undercut by the fact that it is a temporary phenomenon that fails to challenge the institutions in themselves that remain deeply entrenched in the consciousness of the very people that seem to attempt the subversion. This subversion, by the end of the play, even though it succeeds in the downfall of the protagonist of the play, Pyrgopolynices, serves the ends of another member of the aristocracy, Pleusicles. In the end, the slaves and the prostitute do not do anything for themselves; what they do is to fulfill their roles as slaves, which essentially place them back in their social positions, irrespective of their masters. The actions of Palaestrio and Philocomasium, from the beginning of the play, seek to foil the actions that the protagonist of the play, Pyrgopolynices, seeks to bring about. Both these characters have certain features in common; both f them were captured by the soldier. The helplessness and the lack of agency that these two characters share happens as a result of their social positions that are defined by their economic and gender belonging. Philocomasium does not possess any agency since she is a woman and does not have any agency. Throughout the play, she is looked upon as a possession that the two men in the play fight for. Her identity too, is shaped by the man that she is with, rather than the position that she defines for herself. On the other hand, Palaestrio has some agency of his own, even though it manifests itself in his loyalty to his former owner, Pleusicles. This reveals a deeply entrenched system of slavery where the slave internalizes the system and mentally enslaves himself to his owner. Palaestrio is unable to think of himself as a person whose identity may be anything except that of the slave of Pleusicles. This manifests itself in his inability to accept Pyrgopolynices as his master. He however, possesses more ability to act than the Philocomasium, who is totally deprived of any agency, because of her position as a woman in a patriarchal society. The little agency that Palaestrio has does not lead to any awareness about his position as a slave that could lead to an y solidarity between him and the other slaves. This is evident from this speech of his. Palaestrio: Someone from our house has done a naughty thing, from what I hear- The old man’s commanded that my fellow slaves be beaten up. Well, he said except for me- who gives a hoot about the rest? (Plautus 8) It is this lack of solidarity that makes Palaestrio

Survey about CWsandbox tool which used for dynamic malware analysis Research Paper

Survey about CWsandbox tool which used for dynamic malware analysis - Research Paper Example General Sandbox Architecture: A sandbox is deployed to secure a computer system from external attacks that are attempted through malware (malicious program). According to Hoopes (2009), the approaches used are either to block the critical accessibility of a malware or to introduce a simulated environment with completely virtual computing resources like CPU, file system and the memory. This virtual environment enables the program to get executed in a completely isolated environment which is disconnected from the real execution environment within which it resides. The main idea is to monitor the accessibility of program (under observation) to system resources. This way the system can be brought back into the safe state after complete behavioral analysis of the suspected program. The fringe benefit of this approach is the usage of a lighter security protocol for the underlying system that improves its working efficiency. The behavioral analysis keeps the execution environment intact. Th is gives it an edge over instruction level analysis (basically done using debuggers or dis-assemblers). CWSandbox architecture and functioning: CW sandbox is one the sandbox applications that are in use. Every sandbox application has its own mechanism to secure the computer system environment. CWSandbox comprise of two executable files namely cwsandbox.exe and cwmonitor.dll. The former is the central application that initiates the malware and manages the complete process of analysis. The latter on the other hand is a DLL (Dynamic Link Library). This library is introduced into all processes in the malware that are under observation. This way the malware is actually executed and being interacted by the sandbox along with its own execution. The function of the DLL file is to catch each API critical call from malware and to inform the central application (cwsandbox.exe) about it. The sandbox (main application) then takes some time to analyze the call in order to either delegate the cont rol to the required API (in case of safe conclusion) or to answer the call with a virtual error message (in opposite case). Along with the keeping an eye on every malware call, the DLL also makes it certain that the sandbox is kept informed about other malware activities like injecting a code into an already executing process or creating a child process. In both cases the DLL is instantiated again to be injected into the child process or the already running process. Figure 1.0 below, elaborates the described functioning. The CWSandbox uses the native execution environment unlike other sandbox schemes. This in turn reduces the delay caused by the analysis mechanism. Enormous communication exists between the main application (executable) and planted instances of DLLs. Each notification call from a DLL to sandbox contains a lot of information that requires a formal and reliable mechanism of communication between processes. In order to fulfill this requirement the sandbox is usually equ ipped with high efficiency IPC (Inter Process Communication) mechanism. Figure 1.0. Sandbox Instance using CWSandbox (Source: Hoopes J. 2009. Virtualization for Security) CWSandbox Malware Handling and Analysis Mechanism: The mechanisms that are performed by a sandbox can be distinguished into three parts. These parts may

Macroeconomic Position of Iceland as of 2006 Essay

Macroeconomic Position of Iceland as of 2006 - Essay Example This essay provides a thorough economic analysis of the economic developments in the Icelandic economy in the year of 2006. Ii is shown in the essay, that the national economy depended heavily on the fishing industry, which provided more than 60% of total export earnings and employs 12% of the work force. Iceland’s economy had been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade and new developments in software production, biotechnology, and financial services were taking place. The tourism sector was also expanding, with trends in eco-tourism such as whale watching, hiking, and nature tours growing steadily. As Iceland had focused on leveling its financial landscape and opening its markets, it had created an imbalance in the economy. The resulting volatility threatened a return to the previous days of economic overheating. The employment numbers were good, but any disruption of current output woull change that immediately. Inflation, driven by overheating real estate and investment markets, was growing. These issues had to be resolved immediately. Through prudent monetary policy, inflation could be tamed. By implementing wise fiscal policy, expenses and debt could be reduced. In terms of fiscal policy, Iceland needed to adjust its approach so that the monetary policy could be adequately supported without resorting to continued and severe hikes in the interest rate. Simply, this meant tightening its budget maintenance, reducing its debt, and enhancing the environment for investment