Wednesday, October 30, 2019

The Water Cycle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Water Cycle - Research Paper Example Nature has the ultimate solution of making the above mentioned necessity happen through the â€Å"water cycle†. The water cycle is a process in which water switches its state between the three different phases, namely solid, liquid and gas. And then further the water cycle includes circulation between the earth’s surface, water bodies and the atmosphere. The basic driving force of the water is the sun (Hughes 12-19). The water cycle is of immense importance as it helps to regulate the temperature of the earth surface and also helps in bringing rainfall to various parts of Earth.. When the water on Earth’s surface is evaporated it takes away the Earth’s heat as well, thus cooling the surroundings. And when the water condenses it release back the heat thus warming up the environment and this helps in regulating temperature throughout the globe. The water cycle helps to circulate minerals between different places on the Earth and also helps in conversion of rocks to soil. An important contribution of the water cycle is the formation of different topographical features throughout the earth which enhance beauty of the Earth’s surface and also provides other benefits. Without the presence of water cycle it would not be possible for the living organisms to survive (Olien 9-14). The water cycle is comprised of six different processes or steps. Each process has its own significance and importance. The progression of water cycle starts from the process of evaporation. The sun’s heat helps to convert the water present on the earth to water vapors. Water on earth is present in a number of different resources like rivers, oceans, seas, lakes etc. Water evaporates not only from the surface of the earth, but from trees and plants. This process of evaporation of water from trees and plants is called transpiration. Water at the North and South Pole is in the form of snow and ice. At very low temperatures and high pressure snow is directly converted into vapors without having a liquid state. This process is known as sublimation and is much slower than evaporation. The water vapors rise in the air and from clouds. Water gets evaporated by absorbing the heat from the sun and the water can also evaporate by absorbing the heat from the surroundings and thus lowers the temperature of the nearby environment. When water evaporates all impurities are left behind, and the vapors that rise in the air are far pure than the water present on Earth (Hughes 23-27). As the water vapor rises in the air, the temperature decreases as a result of which the vapors condenses to form clouds or remain suspended in the air as fog. The clouds are formed by the accumulation of tiny water droplets. The tiny droplets of water keep on accumulating to form larger and larger clouds. These clouds travel to different parts of the globe and absorb more and more water to increase its size. When the clouds have no longer the ability to hold together, then the tiny droplets of water combine to form larger droplets of water. Also, at higher altitudes the temperature is extremely low. Hence, the water droplets lose their heat energy and fall down on earth as rain. If the temperature of the area is cold then there is a possibility that instead of rain the water droplets fall as snow, hail or sleet. Precipitation can also occur in the form of drizzle. By the process of precipitation the water that has

Monday, October 28, 2019

The Experiences of women in Veronica, Looking for a Rain God and Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

The Experiences of women in Veronica, Looking for a Rain God and Of Mice and Men Essay The pieces Veronica by Adewale Maja-Pearce, Looking for a Rain God by Bessie Head and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck all involve cultural views based on women. The feelings of the women based within each of the three pieces are very varied and are conveyed in different ways. The short story Veronica is based on a woman who is very limited and has restrictions based around her. After looking into the piece in detail my opinion is that Veronica does not lead a good life. She achieves a standard five from her education but nothing more. Although it becomes obvious to me that her life is poignantly dull and boring, Veronica appears to be fulfilled within herself. She leads a stereotypical life of women for the time and meagre environment. She completes her personal expectations of her life by becoming a part of a family, including a husband and children. After doing this she has led a life in which she has in the past aspired to. An expression made by Veronica which indicates to me that she is fulfilled is; There is nothing left for me in this world As well as showing her feelings this phrase shows that she has completed everything possible to her, this also emphasises the fact that her life is in many ways very formulaic. Looking for a Rain God is another short piece expressing cultural expectations of women. In this piece it becomes obvious to me that women have a very limited role in life. The piece is based on a small tribe of people, which are desperate for water, as they are facing a situation involving drought. Whilst the men of the families are fighting for their familys survival the women sit and wail in an act of desperation within their shambolic lives. The women of the families are usually the last to receive any necessary resources, although without their husbands they would in most cases be unable to survive. Unlike Veronica the women based within this piece are in many ways unhappy and do not feel fulfilled. Set aside from this point they do still follow the basic outline of culturally stereotypical women at this time, which in this case is to stay at home in aid of caring for their families. The roles of women in the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck are expressed by the portrayal of one character named as Curleys wife One main factor which firstly expresses a limited role in life for Curleys wife is based within the fact that she hasnt received a name, she is known as a possession to her egocentric and obdurate husband Curley. Curleys wife lives an isolated, lonely, poignant and low-key life in which she is treated as one of Curleys achievements which he can be proud of. Her overall role within the novel is to look after Curley and to uphold his pride. As a result of her isolation she acts as a floozy, either manipulating people of behaving flirtatiously. Curleys wife also follows the broad outline of stereotypical women, as her role is low-key and to act as a possession. In Curleys views she is an achievement which he can be dominant towards, which has not real importance in life. Although Curleys wifes appearance and attitude appears to be a floozy and emphasises that she is manipulative and selfish, this is due to her restrictions in life. The overall outcome of her life is very poignant although her destitute lifestyle expresses the mitigating reason for this. The cultural expectations of women have been expressed through a combination of salient factors within each of the pieces summarised. The stereotypical role involving the caring of families and the pride of husbands is in many ways very poignant, As shown above consequences can involve women being fulfilled as it Veronica or unhappy to involve a decrease in character as in Of Mice and Men Overall after exploring cultural roles of women within Veronica by Adewale Maja-Pearce, Looking for a Rain God by Bessie Head and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck I can see that there is an overall stereotypical role of women throughout. This role gives women limited opportunities in life and causes them to be isolated. Results of this isolation are varied between cultures. Some of the women within the investigated pieces appear to be fulfilled whereas others appear to be very unhappy leading a dull and poignant life. In conclusion this stereotypical role of women is extremely unfair and should be overruled completely to provide all women with equal opportunities.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Milk and Rennin :: essays research papers

Research into Enzymes – For Biology Rennin Rennet, substance found in the gastric juices of young milk-drinking mammals. Rennet contains a milk-coagulating enzyme, called rennin or chymosin, the active principle of rennet preparations used in making cheese and junket. Rennet extracts are commercially prepared from the inner lining of the fourth stomach of calves. Enzymes Enzymes are large proteins that speed up chemical reactions. In their globular structure, one or more polypeptide chains twist and fold, bringing together a small number of amino acids to form the active site, or the location on the enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place. Enzyme and substrate fail to bind if their shapes do not match exactly. This ensures that the enzyme does not participate in the wrong reaction. The enzyme itself is unaffected by the reaction. When the products have been released, the enzyme is ready to bind with a new substrate. Enzyme, any one of many specialized organic substances, composed of polymers of amino acids, that act as catalysts to regulate the speed of the many chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of living organisms. The name enzyme was suggested in 1867 by the German physiologist Wilhelm Kà ¼hne (1837-1900); it is derived from the Greek phrase en zymà §, meaning “in leaven.'; Those enzymes identified now number more than 700. Enzymes are classified into several broad categories, such as hydrolytic, oxidizing, and reducing, depending on the type of reaction they control. Hydrolytic enzymes accelerate reactions in which a substance is broken down into simpler compounds through reaction with water molecules. Oxidizing enzymes, known as oxidases, accelerate oxidation reactions; reducing enzymes speed up reduction reactions, in which oxygen is removed. Many other enzymes catalyze other types of reactions. Individual enzymes are named by adding ase to the name of the substrate with which they react. The enzyme that controls urea decomposition is called urease; those that control protein hydrolyses are known as proteinases. Some enzymes, such as the proteinases trypsin and pepsin, retain the names used before this nomenclature was adopted. PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES As the Swedish chemist Jà ¶ns Jakob Berzelius suggested in 1823, enzymes are typical catalysts: they are capable of increasing the rate of reaction without being consumed in the process. Some enzymes, such as pepsin and trypsin, which bring about the digestion of meat, control many different reactions, whereas others, such as urease, are extremely specific and may accelerate only one reaction.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Renal System Study Guide

Renal System Study Guide Med/Surg I Major Functions of Kidney: Regulation of Homeostasis -Filters blood & regulates contents (water content & blood volume) -Maintain acid-base balance -Control fluid & electrolytes -Excrete metabolic waste products -Control BP (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) Urinary System Structure: Kidneys (produce urine), Ureters (transport urine to bladder), Bladder (stores urine), Urethra (conduct urine outside body) *Nephron- working unit of kidney *Kidneys receive 25% of cardiac output= approx. 1 Liter GRF= 125ml/min & increases at night Renal Hormones: ADH- works in DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE Aldosterone- made in ADRENAL CORTEX ANP- inhibits secretion of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone & water absorption by kidney tubules Erythropoietin- stimulates marrow to make more RBC's Renin- made & released in JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE decreased renal perfusion= low BP ;JGA releases renin ;Liver releases angiotensin I ;Lungs convert angio I to a ngiotensin II ; Increase in BP due to VASOCONSTRICTION, myocardial contractility, VOLUME INCREASE becase ALDOSTERONE is released by ADRENAL CORTEX ;Aldosterone causes sodium & water to be REABSORPTION & potassium excretion **** This stops once BP is normal because it is a NEGATIVE feedback system Lab Tests/Diagnostics: Creatnine- 0. 6-1. 2 End product of muscle & protein metabolism -reflects GFR, renal disease is the only condition to increase creatnine level (not effected by hydration status) BUN- 8-16 measures amount of urea (byproduct of protein metabolism in liver) -factors affecting BUN: hydration/ urine flow, hypoperfusion, metabolic rate, drugs, diet Elevated BUN with normal creatnine= DEHYDRATION/Volume depletion/low perfusion -Elevated BUN & Creatnine= RENAL FAILURE/Dysfunction Specific Gravity- 1. 003-1. 030 measures ability of kidneys to concentrate urine -increased spec. grav = (more concentrated urine) dehydration, low perfusion, too much ADH -decreased sep. grav = (les s concentrated urine) too much fluid, diabetes insipidus, or inability of kidneys to concentrate urine Creatnine Clearance- evaluates how well kidneys remove creatnine from blood -best estimate for GFR renal threshold of glucose = blood glucose level of at least 180 before it spills over in urine *bacturia- males 10,00 colonies, females 100,00 colonies of bacteria Renal Calculi/stones: Causes: dehydration, infection, change in urine pH, obstruction, diet, immobilization, metabolic factors S/S: CVA (Costal-vertebral angle) pain, N, abdominal distention, fever, chills, hematuria, pyruria DX: KUB, US, Urine cx, stone analysis, serum calcium & phosphorus to detect hormonal problems TX: hydration/push fluids, abx, toradol (relaxes ureters), diuretics NSG: strain urine, stone analysis, push fluids 3-4L/day, teach diet & s/s of obstructionAcute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis – bil. inflammation of glomeruli Causes: Strep infection, impetigo S/S: edema, azotemia, hematuria, oli guria, fatigue, HTN, na retention DX: elevated ASO (antistreptolysin-O titer), elevated electrolyte, BUN,& Creatnine, KUB-bil kidney enlargement TX: relief of symptoms, bedrest, fluid & sodium restrictions, abx, daily BUN & creatnine, diet- high calories, low protein sodium potassium & fluids. Acute Pyelonephritis sudden bacterial inflammation of kidney risk factors: urinary stasis, inablility to empty bladder (BPH/enlarged prostate), obstruction, sex, pregnancy, DM S/S: urinary freq. & urgency, dysuria, hematuria, elevated temp, chills, flank pain, anorexia, malaise UA: show pyuria, hematuria, low spec. gravity, alkaline pH, proteinuria, gycosuria, kentonuria TX: abx, analgesic, reculture urine 1 week after abx complete NSG: antipyretics, increase fluids, monitor for feverNephrotic syndrome -clinical manifestations caused by protein wasting secondary to diffuse glomerular damage usually after stress to immune system s/s: proteinuria, low albumin, edema, hyperlipidemia, hypovolemia nsg: low protein high calorie diet, i/o's, sodium & fluid restriction, weights, treat underlying cause Renal Failure Prerenal- obstructs flow to kidneys ex: CV disease, hypovolemia, peripheral vasodilation, severe vasoconstriction Intrarenal- poisions kidney tissue x: acute glomerular nephritis, pyelonephritis, sickle cells, lupus Postrenal- bladder obstruction, treteral obstruction S/S of Acute Renal Failure: anorexia, uremic breath, oliguria, n/v/d -elevated BUN/creatnine & K+ -low pH, Bicarb, Hgb & Hct Tx: reestablish effective renal function, high calorie diet, diet low in protein sodium & potassium, restrict fluid, vitamin supplements, MONITOR FOR HYPERKALEMIA NSG: i/o's, monitor electrolytes, h, & vitals, check for pericarditis, small frequent meals BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) prostatic growth that may block urethra -blockage can cause UTI's, delayed urinary emptying detrusor muscles weakends results in urinary retention– pt unable to urinate can cause uremia, b ladder rupture & peritonitis TURP (Transurethral Resection of Prostate) -surgery that uses a resectoscope to go in urethra & clip out portions of prostate -continous bladder irrigation to prevent clots nsg: keep penis clean. never remove foley, Kegel exercises

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Twilight: Movie vs Book

The Twilight saga is a fantasy book that became even more popular with the movie that came out two years after the book. Twilight is about a teenage girl that brings danger to her life by falling in love with an immortal vampire. The book is written by Stephanie Meyer who has written 3 more books to the series. Even thought that the movie â€Å"Twilight† was based on the book it had a lot of differences and there were a lot of missing parts.One of the biggest differences is that the book is written from Bella's thoughts; it is really she who narrates the situations she is in. The reader gets to be Bella in a way and you find out everything she thinks and feels about Edward. Although in the movie reflects on both Bella and Edward, by watching the movie you don’t get the same feeling as in the book. If there are some private thoughts of Bella that the viewer must know about, you get them in the context of the story; it feels almost like Bella is writing a diary.Another im portant difference is how Bella finds out that Edward is a vampire. In the book, the school they are going in is having a dance and because Bella is not really that in to dancing she and Edward decide to go to Seattle, but the don’t even go to Seattle instead Edward takes Bella to the meadow and tells her what he is and he reveals himself in the sunlight so that she can see that he is sparkling in the sunlight.In the movie they are in front of their school preparing to go to class and Edward decides to go to the nearby forest, Bella went after him and she confessed that she knows what he is, Edward was surprised and he tries to scare her by showing himself in to the sunlight so that she can see that he is sparkling. However the book and the movie have a lot of similarities as well. The family dynamics are described very well. In the book Bella’s mother Rene is very eccentric and she cares a lot about Bella, even though she does not get more than a few minutes in the mo vie, you can easily see her personality.It is the same with Bella’s father Charlie, he did not spend much time with Bella when she was little and the awkwardness between them is described well in the book and in the movie. Altogether both the book and the movie follow the same storyline. As I mentioned earlier the movie is based on the book twilight and it is hard to miss that, they have the same method and all the important characters. I would recommend to read the book first and then watching the movie because the small differences in the movie are significant as of course that depends from the viewers.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Essay Lab Assignment 1

Essay Lab Assignment 1 Essay Lab Assignment 1 Maria Ramos Professor C. L. Zembower English 1301 14 June 2015 Cities of Dreams and Nightmares The documental China Rises: City of Dreams is part of a four-part television series co-produced by New York Times, Discovery Times, The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, ZDF, France 5 and S4C that centers in the dramatic change that Shanghai’s society is going through and how do its citizens deal with the rhythm of a city that less than thirty years ago was a still under a strict communist regime; as whereas today can be compared to cities such as New York and Toronto. China Rises: City of Dreams depicts an issue of society: Do people need to adapt to new times? Can they? And what would happen if they do not? Societies always change and by a range of different reasons; it might be war or the invention of some gadget, but the short-term result is always the same: there are some people who adapt, and some that don’t. Experiences show us that the ones who adapt forget about those who didn’t, and the result is exactly what is currently happening in Shanghai. Describ ing the situation, photographer Hu Yang1 said â€Å"The gap between rich and poor is huge, Shanghai’s society looks like a weightlifter’s bar, you have the rich and the poor like the large weights and a narrow middle class like a bar in between them† The documental follows the stories of people who are successful today and people that did not adapt to new Shanghai. The ones that are showed as successful are part an incipient middle and high class. They are happy because they feel they have the freedom of doing and thinking whatever they want. Which is not exactly true. Government still controls the flow of information on the internet2 and there is no such thing as political democracy; the communist party has been in control of China ever since 1949; however, these people feel free because they now get to decide what to wear, where to eat and what to study. As they are being constantly entertained with these important but superficial aspects of life, they gradually disconnect with what happens around them. Without information, this generation is condemned to have little or no interest in the issues of their country and society. Sadly, what this city most needs nowadays is compromise, responsible citizens who are aware that the big bucket of wealth has not been pour into all Shanghai’s residents. The old neighborhoods, which are currently being sublet by the government to build skyscrapers and big malls3, are still home for a large number of people that refuse to leave because the compensation offered to them was less than 1/3 of the real value of their properties. These people live in construction sites, most of the time without light or running water, waiting for the same government that promised them a wonderful life 50 years ago, to come and negotiate with them a more reasonable compensation; but as it appears, this won’t happen any time soon. The range of action people in this situation can take is limited; they do not have money to pay for lawyers, and they don’t have the skills to get a new job. In that sense,

Monday, October 21, 2019

Stratification Media Analysis Essays - Race And Society, Free Essays

Stratification Media Analysis Essays - Race And Society, Free Essays Stratification Media Analysis Paula Young SOC/100 April 03, 2017 Sharon Chappelle Stratification Media Analysis The role race plays in our culture is so deeply rooted that we often can't see the kinds of racism and racial power dynamics we encounter on a daily basis. In a television series called "Tales" tries to reveal this kind of consistent racism, showing what certain, everyday power dynamics would look like if the current racial roles were reversed. Example of Racism A young white boy, from a predominantly white poor urban neighborhood, was approached by two black police officers while walking to school. While approaching the young boy, one officer asked if the boy was on probation or parole. The young boy replied "is that the first thing that comes to mind"; the offers advise the boy to watch his mouth when speaking to an officer and proceeded to ask for the boy's identification. The young male hadn't broken any laws and was not told why he was stopped. Once he presented his identification, the officer then throws it back to the young male; which then fell to the ground. Once the young boy tried to retrieve his identification by picking it up, he was told not to move. The young male proceeded to do so anyway; which was when the police officer drew his weapon and advised the young male not to move, while the other officer threw him to the ground. As he tried to get back up, he begged for help and one of the officers stated that he couldn't help him, and that he was a no good punk. The boy asked one of the officers, what if he was his son; and the officer replied, that he couldn't be his son because he's white trash. The boy stumbled to his feet and they officers shot, and killed him, for no reason. Body Language and Symbols The young boy was wearing a hoodie sweater with a pair of loose fitting jeans, and gym shoes. While the police officers were dressed in their uniform along with their badges. They had disgruntled face expressions and carried guns. One of the officers had a cocky build, while the other one was short, but he still looked as if he wasn't a nice person. They also stood in front of the young boy holding their guns. Understanding Body Language and Symbols February 26, 2012, a young black boy was wearing a hoodie sweater with a pair of loose fitting jeans, and gym shoes. He was killed by a white Hispanic neighborhood watch volunteer that stated that he looked "suspicious". His attire was the exact match as the young white boy in the television series called "Tales". A lot of people believe that the way we dress can make you a target to be racially profiled. The police officers that stopped the young white boy had on police uniforms along with a badge. They used their badges as a symbol of power, which they abused by harassing the young male, because they had they authority to stop anyone whenever they wanted to. Their face expressions were stern and very intimidating, not the type of friendly demeanor that someone would pose who is there to protect and serve their community. The officer's body type was big in stature and intimating to a young innocent child. They also kept their hands on their guns as if he was a threat to them when he was the one that was in fear. They looked at the young boy as if he was a disgrace to the human race; as if they were judging him, even though, they didn't even know him. Understanding the Importance of Racism The attitudes of racism include a bundle of emotions and beliefs, a belief in the inherent superiority or inferiority of one race relative to another; feeling of hostility, suspicions, or hatred towards members of a different racial group. And a readiness to discriminate against members of other groups when one is in a position to assign benefits, opportunities, or hardships. I believe in order for us to reverse these patterns of injustice, we need to learn to understand how it affects those who are truly innocent. And when one should find himself making an assumption about someone, ask challenge yourselves whether you know the assumption to be true, or if it is something you have simply been taught to believe by a racist society. Conclusion Racism has existed throughout human history. It is often defined as hatred, or belief that

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation and Example

Henderson You can calculate the pH of a buffer solution or the concentration of the acid and base using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Heres a look at the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and a worked example that explains how to apply the equation. Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates pH, pKa, and molar concentration (concentration in units of moles per liter): pH pKa log ([A-]/[HA]) [A-] molar concentration of a conjugate base [HA] molar concentration of an undissociated weak acid (M) The equation can be rewritten to solve for pOH: pOH pKb log ([HB]/[ B ]) [HB] molar concentration of the conjugate base (M) [ B ] molar concentration of a weak base (M) Example Problem Applying the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Calculate the pH of a buffer solution made from 0.20 M HC2H3O2 and 0.50 M C2H3O2- that has an acid dissociation constant for HC2H3O2 of 1.8 x 10-5. Solve this problem by plugging the values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a weak acid and its conjugate base. pH pKa log ([A-]/[HA]) pH pKa log ([C2H3O2-] / [HC2H3O2]) pH -log (1.8 x 10-5) log (0.50 M / 0.20 M) pH -log (1.8 x 10-5) log (2.5) pH 4.7 0.40 pH 5.1

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Strategic management 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic management 2 - Essay Example McDonald’s vision and goals would be studied for their efficacy in achieving its goals and objectives. McDonald’s is the largest chain of fast food restaurants that operates around 32000 outlets across the globe. Its mission and vision statements are key elements of its business strategy. McDonald’s vision statement wants it to become the best fast food outlet. The corporate vision clearly describes its future perspectives as to what it plans to achieve in long term. Its corporate strategy primarily relies on creating value through customer satisfaction and is intrinsically linked to its vision. It helps to achieve its vision by promoting strategic plans that would enhance its value and make it the best fast food restaurant. Bateman and Snell (2009) assert that organizational vision becomes the major motivation element for the workforce to excel. The corporate objectives of McDonald’s are developed so as its vision is aligned with its value through plans and actions that promote its goals and objective. The process of developing a mission statement is highly pertinent for an organization because it defines as to what and how the business intends to operate. The broad framework of mission statement provides firms with strong incentives and plans to focus on strategies that would help it to achieve its vision. The strategies encourage the firms to become flexible and evolve effective plans to meet the challenges of changing times. Mintzberg (1990) believes that businesses need to exploit the current choices to meet the transforming values and trends in the customers’ preferences. Indeed, the business objectives and mission are inherently linked to changing demands of the customers and therefore must constantly strive to be flexible. The mission statement of McDonald’s is to become the favorite place of the customers for their fast food (McDonalds, 2012). Hence,

Book review of Hiroshima by Ronald Takaki Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Book review of Hiroshima by Ronald Takaki - Essay Example He seeks to prove that the American desire to end the war was just one of the many factors that lead to the final decision to drop the bomb. The story around Takakis argument is the little known reasoning behind the decision to drop the atomic bomb. Instead of simply focusing on the most accepted reason, to end the war, he explores other factors other than the obvious. His study of Harry Trumans letters to his wife, sister, mother, and his secret Potsdam Diary to open a "way to a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the reasons for the atomic attack" (Takaki 5). By analyzing the feelings of the President he succeeds in bringing together the many factors that led to the end decision. He proves to the reader the overwhelming postwar concern that Truman and other leaders felt and their urgency to exert their world power and dominance towards Stalin and Soviet expansion. As Robert Griffith reveals in his article for The American Historical Review Dwight D Eisenhower was aware of these postwar concerns writing, â€Å"Eisenhower struggled to strike a balance among the competing claims of the services and his lette rs are filled with angry denunciations of military self interest† (Griffith 96). Takaki reveals that in the beginning the atomic bomb was intended to target Germany, not Japan and that it was later determined that Germany did not have any atomic capabilities therefore diminishing the threat. Takaki then questions why the bomb was then dropped on Japan, a country we also knew did not have any atomic capabilities. He says, "The reason for this acceleration was not the possibility of Japanese atomic threat. Japan lacked the resources and technical knowledge to become a nuclear power" (Takaki 20). As Andrew Rotter confirms in his book review for the Journal of American History, â€Å"Japans nascent bomb project was

Friday, October 18, 2019

MRT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MRT - Essay Example al.). But taping when applied correctively by a skilled trainer or physician can have many more benefits. One of the most important is its ability to regulate the flow of lymphatic fluids throughout the injured area, as well as the regulation of swelling and improvement of bloodflow. These benefits, however, are not fully recognized by trainers; in one study more than half of people experiencing an elbow injury – an injury that should respond well to taping – never received the treatment (MacDermid et. al.). However, even given the fact that taping is sometimes underutilized in rehabilitation of soft-tissue injuries, it retains a broad applicability. It has been demonstrated to improve healing in a wide variety of injuries including ligament damage, hand fractures from repetitive stress (van Aken et. al.), ankle strains (Abian-Vicen et. al.), and elbow fractures (MacDermid et. al.). The most impressive aspect of taping is the fact that it seems to have no affect on many aspects of health and performance among people using it. While many medical and therapeutic techniques carry the risk of significant side effect, recent studies have indicated that taping has no affect on either jump or balance tests among trained gymnasts (Abian-Vicen et. al.). Given these results, people who are not participating in sports should notice only very minimal impact on their day to day lives. Taping, while valid in many situations, is obviously no panacea. While it responds well to some fractures, there are many which would be better if left untreated (MacDermid et. al.). Bruises and any surface injuries to soft tissues can be exacerbated by taping. Furthermore, there is a risk of misuse with taping, which can limit bloodflow, especially if patients begin attempting to treat themselves with taping rather than leaving it to skilled

BUS WK4 HOMEWORK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BUS WK4 HOMEWORK - Essay Example In such a devastating situation, it is imperative that the company pays great attention at how to inform the world about the catastrophe. If this situation was not handled then the audience of the company which is enormous as it includes the whole world, would see the company in a much worse light. The company has to release the information in two ways; first they would have to break the news to the families of the workers and secondly the company’s employees and then to the media. The company has to be extra cautious in choosing the representatives who will handle these releases. They have to make sure that their reputation is kept intact and at the same time the information provided is honest and precise. This adversity affected a lot of people. It was not only the 33 miners in the mine who were affected;the families of those workers were also hurt. The anguish that their families had to go through was no doubt too much. They waited to hear any news about their loved ones an d worried whether they would make it out alive. Chilean Copper Mine was responsible of keeping the families continuously up to date on the rescue mission and what was being done to help the miners in the best possible way to save them. This process of communication is extremely important. The employees of the company also need to be kept informed about the situation because they need to know what the company they work for can do in order to protect them and how serious they are about their workers. This means of communication has to be really effective; it will have to give all the information to them as well as make them feel that the company does care about its employees and that they are all united in this situation. Communication has a meaning to every person in a situation. A crucial point of an effective communication is mutual understanding of the information. It involves the shared concern of the thoughts, feelings, needs, wants and intentions of the communicators (Krizan, 2 011). If the message is sent through mail or memo or a video, the message has to be sent using a proper tone. In the case of the trapped miners, the overall tone when sending the message across has to be considerate and consoling in order to maintain calm. The families of the affected should be informed verbally through a video. Providing this information through writing will not be enough. Draft 1: I would like to address the family members of the ‘33’ as per company protocol. The main message that I want to communicate is of patience and being positive. The journey has no doubt been very long and stressful especially without enough resources. The company has now directed towards other ways to proceed with the rescue. This includes consideration of all types of safety aspects to ensure that the miners come back to the surface with full health and conditions and rejoin their families. The company completely understands the concerns of the families and will address them. It would be difficult to present all the information so we will sum up the most significant points of the rescue plans for this accident. The most essential thing for us is the well-being of the affected; we will make sure that all of them will reemerge to a normal life. Draft 2: The Chilean Copper Mine cave that has trapped 33 of our employees is indeed a tragic incident. We are very well

Thursday, October 17, 2019

New hollywood Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

New hollywood Cinema - Essay Example Earlier on, there was the saying that this was the eventual death of Hollywood. This did not only prove to be greatly exaggerated but also a misguided conclusion. Hollywood reinvented itself once again to a new market as a new industry that flourished greatly in changing the marketplace of the media. Major studios that previously dominated the media such as Warner’s, MGM and Paramount continued to dominate the industry. The idea of a movie was still retained as the industry continued looking more complex as days went by. The term Hollywood Renaissance can thus be reduced to denote the adjustment from one period to the other: from classical to new Hollywood (Madsen 1975; Thompson & Bordwell 1994; Solomon 1976) One of the main reasons for Hollywood to retain its place was the rise of the blockbuster movie. In production values, market strategy and budgets, Hollywood changed to a hit driven industry from the early 1950’s. In classical Hollywood, studios would release a few prestige pictures yearly and then would relish an occasional runaway hit. The classical Hollywood would mainly rely on A-class features in order to generate revenue. In new Hollywood it changed from the occasional hit to the well calculated blockbuster. This would lead to changes in the way movies were produced and the thematic topics and styles used (Schaltz 1988; Mast 1992; schaltz 1981). This paper is going to look at the film â€Å"The Godfather† as a product of the new Hollywood era. It is going to examine the film in terms of its industrial, social, formal, political and cultural perspectives as a new Hollywood movie. Industrial perspective Arguably, â€Å"The Godfather† is the best movie of all times based on its level of sales and thematic relevance. It was heavily promoted and advertised. Its production was a big and it had very profitable returns. The godfather veered off the mainstream conventions of a movie when it portrayed a different view of the mafia. It showed the activities of the mafia from inside rather than the American conventional view of the mafia (De Stefano 2007; Schiach 1972; Steinberg 1980). As a new Hollywood film the godfather gained acclaim from across many cultures. Not only in the United States did the movie achieve a lot of success but also in Europe and other places in the world. It has become the best movie since 1965 in cinema attendance. It also sets the pace for other new Hollywood directors and actors. Mario Puzzo had the manuscript of the movie written and passed it on to Robert Evans the production head of paramount at the time. Previously, during the era of vertical integration in Hollywood, such a manuscript could not be taken from the big studios like paramount, played all the roles in the production of a film. In classical era only occasionally hits were released while other movies would be screened all year in the cinema (Lincoln 2005; Silverman 1988) In classical Hollywood, during production a film would be made to a beginning, middle and an end. The godfather defied this formula and didn’t have a definite beginning or events that signified a point of central tendency. However, it had an end similar to that of classical Hollywood era movies. The conventional style of classical Hollywood was such that the actors are used to motivate viewers

The concept of Deterrence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The concept of Deterrence - Essay Example There are a number of hindrances to deterrence, for example, the level of literacy to the group being deterred can cause a major challenge. Another challenge as Bunn put it that, deterrence to a certain extent towards the non-state actors/terrorists could be seen as an oxymoron, because of their suicidal nature (Bunn, p.4). Looking back at the situation during the cold war deterrence was not a very useful strategy. Evidenced by Almog in his article, US and Soviet Union both used deterrence against each other but failed to prevent the Korean War and Vietnam War (5). He further goes ahead and explains that deterrence can work against non-state actors. For example he gives the situation in Israel where deterrence has worked for over 50yrs and still practiced successfully (6). Almog suggest that for the war on deterrence to be effective it requires: inducements that turn emerging terrorists away from their vicious impulses (6).It is possible to deter rogue states and groups since their l eadership is dedicated to staying in power. Group assessment on specific actors has to be carried in order to provide information and analysis to be used in tailoring deterrence on each actor. To deter the enemy must perceive the ally as having the capability and will to carry out the threatened actions (Bunn 5). This is why the US is putting place strategies to strengthen its credibility across the spectrum and a series of deterrence options to act against its adversaries.This statement indeed applies to the modern strategic environment.... Group assessment on specific actors has to be carried in order to provide information and analysis to be used in tailoring deterrence on each actor. To deter the enemy must perceive the ally as having the capability and will to carry out the threatened actions (Bunn 5). This is why the US is putting place strategies to strengthen its credibility across the spectrum and a series of deterrence options to act against its adversaries. Conclusion Looking at the article in this essay it is evident that as much as terrorist group may have beliefs that encourage suicide and martyrdom, it is still possible to investigate and target what such groups value most and tailor make an effective deterrence strategy, just as Bunn put it (1). Therefore we can conclude that deterrence can be used against non-state actors as a military strategy although it faces some limitations. War termination Introduction Davis Hanson exposes the modern wars â€Å"messy, confused, and non-traditional, but from his po int of view, â€Å"victory† is a timeless military reality of making an enemy concede through force and diplomacy to your political objectives.†Ã‚   (National Review Online, 22 September 2010). This statement indeed applies to the modern strategic environment. Why the concept of victory is less relevant in today’s strategic environment The earlier concept of ‘victory’ as historian Davis Hanson put it that â€Å"†¦is a timeless military reality of making enemies concede through force and diplomacy to your political objectives.†Ã‚   (National Review Online, 22 September 2010).  For example ever since World War I, the disintegration of empires has produced over one hundred new states in the international system, and with this has come more turmoil. Additionally, at

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

New hollywood Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

New hollywood Cinema - Essay Example Earlier on, there was the saying that this was the eventual death of Hollywood. This did not only prove to be greatly exaggerated but also a misguided conclusion. Hollywood reinvented itself once again to a new market as a new industry that flourished greatly in changing the marketplace of the media. Major studios that previously dominated the media such as Warner’s, MGM and Paramount continued to dominate the industry. The idea of a movie was still retained as the industry continued looking more complex as days went by. The term Hollywood Renaissance can thus be reduced to denote the adjustment from one period to the other: from classical to new Hollywood (Madsen 1975; Thompson & Bordwell 1994; Solomon 1976) One of the main reasons for Hollywood to retain its place was the rise of the blockbuster movie. In production values, market strategy and budgets, Hollywood changed to a hit driven industry from the early 1950’s. In classical Hollywood, studios would release a few prestige pictures yearly and then would relish an occasional runaway hit. The classical Hollywood would mainly rely on A-class features in order to generate revenue. In new Hollywood it changed from the occasional hit to the well calculated blockbuster. This would lead to changes in the way movies were produced and the thematic topics and styles used (Schaltz 1988; Mast 1992; schaltz 1981). This paper is going to look at the film â€Å"The Godfather† as a product of the new Hollywood era. It is going to examine the film in terms of its industrial, social, formal, political and cultural perspectives as a new Hollywood movie. Industrial perspective Arguably, â€Å"The Godfather† is the best movie of all times based on its level of sales and thematic relevance. It was heavily promoted and advertised. Its production was a big and it had very profitable returns. The godfather veered off the mainstream conventions of a movie when it portrayed a different view of the mafia. It showed the activities of the mafia from inside rather than the American conventional view of the mafia (De Stefano 2007; Schiach 1972; Steinberg 1980). As a new Hollywood film the godfather gained acclaim from across many cultures. Not only in the United States did the movie achieve a lot of success but also in Europe and other places in the world. It has become the best movie since 1965 in cinema attendance. It also sets the pace for other new Hollywood directors and actors. Mario Puzzo had the manuscript of the movie written and passed it on to Robert Evans the production head of paramount at the time. Previously, during the era of vertical integration in Hollywood, such a manuscript could not be taken from the big studios like paramount, played all the roles in the production of a film. In classical era only occasionally hits were released while other movies would be screened all year in the cinema (Lincoln 2005; Silverman 1988) In classical Hollywood, during production a film would be made to a beginning, middle and an end. The godfather defied this formula and didn’t have a definite beginning or events that signified a point of central tendency. However, it had an end similar to that of classical Hollywood era movies. The conventional style of classical Hollywood was such that the actors are used to motivate viewers

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

The Representation of Youth Through the Media Essay

The Representation of Youth Through the Media - Essay Example Even though both boys and girls are exploited for visual media advertisements, the number of girls used for this purpose seems to be extremely more than that of the boys. Female body is considered as one of the most beautiful things in this world and the exploitation of female body shapes for business purposes is growing day by day. In most of the films and television series, the story line would be something related to the teenagers. All the people, irrespective of age difference or sex difference, are interested in viewing programs related to the teenage community. In fact teenage is the golden era in the life of a person and therefore even old people like to see television serials and films related to teenage life to go through their beautiful memories. Media business people know this psychology very well and they often make films and TV serials which exaggerate teenage life styles and their life philosophies. Thus, in most of the visual media, teenager representation or youth rep resentation seems to be far from reality. This paper analyses teenage representation in media, especially in the visual media, like television programs and films. Representation of youth in visual media According to Taylor & Lisa Taylor (Author) †º Visit Amazon's Lisa Taylor PageWillis (1999), â€Å"Both television programs and films are produced with their contrasting contexts of consumption in mind† (Taylor & Lisa Taylor (Author) †º Visit Amazon's Lisa Taylor PageWillis, 1999, p.3). It should be noted that both television programs and films are viewed by people of different kinds. However, television programs are mostly viewed by a family as a whole whereas films are viewed individually in most of the cases. For example, people like to see adult movies or films privately rather than publicly. On the other hand television serials are mostly watched in groups. Thus, television program producers usually avoid the intrusion of sex contents as much as possible whereas film makers may not obey such unwritten rules. In short, both television programs and films are made in different contexts. For example, Saved by the Bell is an American television program that telecasted between 1989 and 1993. This TV series followed the exploits of several students along with their principal at fictional Bayside High School. Each season of the series basically represented a year of high school for the students, plus summer vacations, ending with their graduation. The sitcom name is an idiom for being saved, by a school bell ringing, when a student is unprepared to answer a question asked near the end of a classroom period (Mashable, 2012). Even though the major theme of this serial was the stupid things performed by teenagers during their school days, it attracted all people because of the comedies involved in it. It should be noted that all people may experience such stupid things in their teenage life and old people was very much interested in viewing this TV se rial because of their interests in rewinding their old memories in teenage life. â€Å"While for some reason the main characters here are like the most popular people in school you might or might not relate with that but you could at times relate with what's going on in their lives† (Saved by the Bell, n.d.). All people like to see the stupidity others. For example, most of the people like to see the slipping and falling of another person even though they may not

Monday, October 14, 2019

Social Inequality Essay Example for Free

Social Inequality Essay Learning targets: †¢Functionalists have a consensus view of society. They believe that people in society work together for the common good of all, this is known as the organic analogy. †¢All societies are unequal. Inequality of whole groups in the social structure is known as stratification. †¢Functionalists believe stratification is good for society. †¢Functionalists say that the best people get the best jobs because they are more talented and work harder. Poor people are poor because they do not work hard enough for the best positions. Key questions (AO1) What is the functionalist view of society? (AO1) What causes inequality according to functionalists? (AO2) What are the strengths of the functionalist view? (AO2) What are the weaknesses of the functionalist view of inequality? Summary of Key Points What is the functionalist view of society? Many early writers and philosophers viewed society as being like an animal or human body. They shared the view that all the separate parts of the body worked together to create something whole. They claimed that everybody works together for the common good of us all, as do body parts for the organism. This shared view is known as consensus theory because it is based on social agreement. Durkheim argued strongly for the organic analogy because he said we share values and norms. He said that different people in different jobs equate in social terms to the differing organisms of the body. Society itself is more than the sum of the people who go to make up that society. The supporting evidence is that things which happen to society will affect you regardless of your actions or opinions (e.g. war). Society lives on when individuals within it die. Durkheim’s ideas became the basis of functionalism. Functionalists say that society is based on shared norms and values. They say that the job of the sociologist is to look at how parts of society work together for the good of the whole society. Social cohesion (sticking together like glue) is maintained through shared rituals and activities, for example state events such as Coronations and funerals, shared consciousness such as reading the same newspapers and watching the same TV programmes and major events such as sporting occasions which make people feel united with each other. How do functionalists explain inequality? The term social inequality describes a condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power. Some degree of social inequality is found in every society. When a system of social inequality is based on a hierarchy of groups, sociologists refer to it as stratification: a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society. Ascribed status is a social position assigned to a person without regard for that persons characteristics, for example, being a Queen is an ascribed status, as is being a female. By contrast, achieved status is a social position attained by a person largely through his or her own effort. This can be positive or negative so a person can be an ex-prisoner or a judge. These are achieved statuses. Functionalists claim that inequality and stratification is functional for society and a source of social order. Davis and Moore proposed this theory in 1945. It was heavily criticised, particularly in the 1970s for being an extremely conservative theory by Tumin, who remains their foremost critic. For Davis and Moore Stratification is a system of status positions and jobs. The key point of the theory is that Stratification is universal and necessary. This is argued because all society is stratified. They argue that society is therefore a functional necessity. The theory focuses on the following: †¢How do people get to their proper positions? †¢How do we motivate people to fill these positions? †¢Once in position, how do you get people to do what is required? Davis and Moore went on to claim that society needs to fill the most important and difficult jobs with the most talented and hardworking people. If people were all paid the same regardless of their work, they would take the easiest jobs and do as little training as possible. There would be no incentive to work hard and do difficult educational courses. Society ensures that the most pay and the best working conditions go to those who are prepared to put the time and effort into working hard for them. The high rewards act as motivation for the years of work and preparation required for the difficult and responsible careers that some people choose. There have been many critics of the viewpoint, for example Kendall et al. point out that the functionalist approach generally ignores questions of structural inequality because it does not consider the social factors such as racial discrimination, lack of job opportunities, and the inadequate funding of many schools that may contribute to the persistence of inequality in society. Nevertheless, this theoretical perspective is very powerful. It emphasises the view that the jobs of power and importance are given to those with the most talent. It is clear that this type of theory is very attractive to those who have positions of power and wealth in society. It suggests those who are poor and powerless lack effort, talent and determination. How has functionalism influenced politics? Many belief systems suggest that poor people brought their difficult situations upon themselves. This type of theory has a long history in Britain, for example the famous philosopher Herbert Spencer argued that poverty was good for society as it encouraged people to work in order to avoid being poor. He said that the poor themselves deserved to suffer poverty because of their lack of morality. Those living on benefits today are often seen as being lazy, and the term dole scrounger was frequently employed by the press to describe people dependent on benefits in the 1970s and 1980s. Even today, young single mothers are often demonised as becoming pregnant to gain housing, despite there being very little research evidence to support this claim. This type of popular thinking resulted in the election of Margaret Thatcher in 1979, and led to the subsequent dominance of the thinkers of the New Right. The political and philosophical perspective known as the New Right is associated with the politicians Margaret Thatcher in the UK, and Ronald Reagan in the USA. The principles of the New Right are based on the theoretical viewpoints that are very close to functionalism. The New Right believe that inequality is inevitable in society. They go further and argue that we should have economic freedom. We should buy and sell as we wish this is known as market liberalism. It assumes that all people are customers who are rational and make good choices. As a result, there is a philosophy of choice so that parents are encouraged to choose schools for their children or hospitals if they become ill. The subtext is that people also choose to be poor. In Britain, the New Right became associated with underclass theory, which is supported by writers such as Charles Murray and David Saunders. These writers both claim that in the UK, benefit systems mean that people make a rational choice to stay poor, because it is easier to stay at home on the dole than go to work. They claim that some people go on to develop a culture that is state dependent, against traditional values, criminal, irresponsible and destructive. They suggest that people are often lazy and selfish so they must be encouraged to work by making welfare payments low enough to make life uncomfortable. People who live in areas where few people have work will develop a culture that encourages laziness. People get used to relying on others if life is made easy for them and all their self will and self-reliance is lost. They must be encouraged to take control of their own lives and by punitive methods such as having their benefits cut, if necessary. Criticisms include the way that it ignores the way that some people have more access to wealth, status and power than others, so effectively it ignores social structure. It does not take inequalities of class, gender, ethnicity, age and ability into account. There are dual standards, rich people are expected to be rewarded for their work by the incentive of high pay, but poor people should be expected to work to avoid poverty. Businesses should have the freedom to sell what they like, but families should follow strict rules of behaviour. It ignores bad behaviour among the rich, poor people are controlled, but not the wealthy. In addition, it makes odd assumptions about people, for instance, that they are naturally selfish, and that they do things for rational rather than cultural reasons. From a sociological point of view one of the most damning criticisms is that there is very little research evidence to back up what is claimed by the New Right. What is trickle-down theory? Trickle-down theory is sometimes used in an insulting way to describe a theory that has been popular among politicians of the New Right and who have functionalist views of society. The basic belief is that by cutting taxes to the rich and to businesses, then the whole population will benefit as the rich people spend their money and boost the economy. This type of thinking formed the basis of economic policy in the USA under President Reagan and in the UK under Margaret Thatcher. There is support for this kind of thinking in the writing of the influential economist, Keynes who said that tax cuts for the rich promote investment. There are still regular and frequent calls by political parties to cut taxes in order that people can spend more of their money. The most recent and widely reported call for tax cuts came from David Cameron, the leader of the Conservative Party in May 2008. In the 1980s, taxes were cut in Britain in a way that benefitted the rich in the hopes that it would boost the economy. Many taxes were abolished, such as capital gains tax which applies only to the wealthier people in society. At the same time, some taxes that affected everyone and possibly the poor more than others increased. In 1981, Value Added Tax (VAT) rose from 8% to 15% to pay for the tax cuts to the rich. In 1991 it was raised again to 17.5% by the Conservative government of John Major government to pay for cuts in the poll tax. In practical terms, the very rich are often low tax payers in view of what they earn. The TUC suggests that tax avoidance by the super-rich costs the British taxpayer  £13bn a year. They point out that this is enough money to increase old-age pensions by 20 per cent. Tax planning loopholes mean that the super-rich put money into the names of their families or live abroad for large portions of the year to avoid tax. The government has policies which support the super-rich so capital gains tax at is set at 18% when the top rate of income tax is 40%. There is still debate as to the effectiveness of the tax cuts in supporting the economy. It is certain that the rate of inequality in British society has been growing so that a reduction in the growth of inequality is now seen as a government achievement! Trickle down theories are not supported by economic evidence but still hold considerable influence over public policy making. What is the Functionalist Perspective on class? Functionalists have a positive view about inequality, since it is seen to motivate the less well off to aspire to the income and status enjoyed by the rich and wealthy. Therefore, they applaud the existence of the class structure seeing it as promoting effort, motivation and success. Functionalists believe strongly in the existence of a meritocracy whereby there is equality of opportunity enabling the talented to rise up from any social class to occupy societys most important and demanding roles. Functionalists believe it is appropriate and right to highly reward those in the higher social classes since they believe they are there through merit. Rewarding those at the top only serves to motivate those at the bottom more, they argue. Inequality is therefore beneficial to society and the existence of a class structure becomes functional in providing that inequality. Functionalists like the competitive values that the class structure provides and genuinely believe society is open to social mobility thereby allowing the most talented to rise to the top of society. A fluid and flexible class structure rewards individual achievement by granting the glittering prize of income and status to those who work hard. Despite class inequalities of the class structure a meritocracy offers the opportunity for anyone to get to the top. The ideas of functionalism are probably best expressed through the culture of the USA where the American Dream is the widespread goal of almost every citizen. The argument that those at the bottom are held back by structural constraints such as poor housing, poor education and general poverty is dismissed my functionalists with the argument that they are simply not trying hard enough. The view that the lower classes are held back by their cultural values of laziness and fecklessness, rather than genuine structural disadvantages, is a functionalist theme adopted subsequently by the New Right. For example, the work of US New Right theorist Charles Murray portrays those at the bottom of society, whom he refers to as an underclass, as outside the cultural values of the rest of society. He sees them embracing an alternative subculture of deviant values centred around being workshy, living off welfare and having fatalistic attitudes, for example, taking life as it comes. Whilst influential, Murrays work has come in for sustained criticism for its refusal to recognise the significance of structural factors and his dogmatic obsession of scapegoating lone mother families for societys problems. In Britain, Murrays New Right contemporary, Peter Saunders shares a similar contemptuous view of those at the bottom of the class structure. However, adopting a view similar to postmodernism he sees society as divided less along lines of class and more in terms of consumption. He calls this consumption cleavage. He argues a process of social restratification has taken place, dividing those seeking to satisfy their consumption needs through private ownership of cars, housing, private education and health care, in contrast to those reliant upon social housing, public transport, state education and health care. Saunders argues that divisions of consumption and lifestyle cut across old class lines, with consumption now influencing and shaping identity and social attitudes to a far greater extent. However, Rosemary Crompton criticizes Saunders for claiming class is dead on the one hand; yet continuing to point to occupational class as a powerful influence on income, consumption and political attitudes on the other.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

McDonalds Change Management Analysis

McDonalds Change Management Analysis INTRODUCTION McDonalds is the worlds largest fast food chain serving more than eight million customers daily. It starts its operation by giving franchise right, affiliated company and starting its own unit. Source of revenue generations are rent, royalties received from franchise or sales units operated by McDonalds. Main products of McDonalds are hamburger, chicken, cheese burger, break fast item, soft drinks and deserts. It is rapidly growing organization; it generated 9% more net income in 2007 than the year 2006. In order to sustain its sell in the market and make company more profitable McDonalds is focusing to bring some changes. It is utmost priority of every organization that it should improve itself in order to strengthen its capabilities and sustain its competitive advantage. It strives for the attainment of this purpose in shape of introducing change management in the organization. In order to remain in the market with full potential management of the organization and lower staff must be ready to bring the change because environment is dynamic and it is rapidly changing and businesses are going to be complex. It is necessary for the organizations to bring changes to operate and keep itself competitive in this dynamic environment. Business world is continuously changing and new technologies and innovative products have been introduced on daily basis and most of the organizations are accepting theses change even they are not willing to accept. It is because of change benefits, changes bring improvement. When a person accept change and cope up with changes and equipped himself/herself then he/ she becomes d ifferent from other. His worth exceeds than that of the person who does not keep himself/herself up to date. If any employee enhances his/her skill with new technology, his/ her efficiency increase, can perform better than previous, increase the productivity of the organization. Thats why it has been observed in the most of the organizations that they adopt changes quickly because they understand the worth of change. They try to equip their employees with modern technology as their performance gets improved. Change is very important for every organization. Companies and business adopt change and incorporate it in their organization for fulfilling the needs of suppliers and customers and to remain competitive in market. We can define change as implementation of new activity; the main purpose of that activity is to enhance the productivity by applying new policies and procedures. Change management process and change implementation has different strategies to change, so the change process is very complex and comprehensive. The most important approach in change implementation process is one which brings accomplishment. Changes in organization are essential at different activates such as modification in management system, change in operations, change in organization structure and change in other activities which management may consider important. Change in necessary when management is facing problem in current system or for getting better the performance of the organization the management may modify the current system or implement change in any activity. The factors that may bring change may be internal and external. Different activities and different new strategies can be introduced tat different level, and these changes and modifications may be restricted or unrestricted, common or general in nature. Internal factors for change may include the following: Change in structure of organization Increase in business needs Alteration in business plan Modification in goals of business External factors for change may include: Technology growth Changes in economic conditions that affect the profitability or value of money Requirement of electronic and technological services It is the primary responsibility of the McDonalds to bring changes in order to achieve organizational goals and objective in effective manner, due to that it must plan from initial stage of change to proper implementation. For the effective implementations of the change and successful results of the change organization must focus on Individuals and their relationships and continuous improvement system is introduced in which change is carried on properly. In order to improve the organization and bring change successfully, McDonald should consider the issues wisely and come up with positive solution that may break hinders. At each stage organization should take action to overcome the resistance and implement change properly. NEED FOR CHANGE The extent of the change management in McDonald as companys marking plans is restricted to execution of incorporated marketing communication. For bringing new things and new activities in organization, the marketing, advertising and promotional operations of the organization must be focused. Normally different communication mediums are used for marketing and advertising and considered as aid for offering services and ideas and products. Different kinds and different types of communication media are used for marketing and advertising the products. The concentration shall be given on marketing, advertising and promotion in integrated marketing operation.   The part of new marketing plans of the McDonald, integrated marketing operation shall be highlighted by this change and new modification. The basic idea of the integrated market operations is to implement change related to health, which spread the information about current development in health and the increasing ration of fatness among children and adults for creating target marketing. The objective of integrated market operation is to launch new products for children, and to reduce the effect of growing bad perception about McDonald among the individuals. The marketing approach which focuses on the peoples heath will provide information to parents and children about the new product of McDonald McKids, and about differences between new product and existing products. If the integrated marketing communication system is successfully implemented, then it would provide successful marketing, advertising and public relations operations for efficiently introducing the new products of McDonald to general community. The organization should form a team for bringing new activities that would handle the necessary issues for this change. The new dietary material information of new product has also uploaded on McDonald (Bahrain) website. This change will mainly concentrate on marketing and sale promotion. Nowadays, the men u of McDonald for children has facing the problem of criticism. The integrated marketing communication has been implemented by the McDonald for changing the perception of people about the kid menu of McDonald. Through integrated marketing communication, it will also be ensured that the mission and vision that the McDonald is utilizing has been highlighted in every advertisement or promotion or not. RESISTANCE TO CHANGE It is the well known fact that when any organization brings changes, it faces difficulties while implementing these changes. Resistance may occur before implementing the change, during implementing the change and after implementing the change. thats why these changes are carefully managed as organizations can avoid adverse outcomes of the change because change is brought for the betterment of the organization and   management expects some thing better from that change, if it is not properly implemented and it get victimized of extreme resistance then the expected result would be inverse. It is the priority of the organization that it should manage the change proper way and for this purpose open talks with employees are conducted in order to know the view of the employees because change will directly effect on the employees and if they do not accept it, organization would not achieve desired results. Now it is the responsibility of top authorities to find out ways that can bring org anization up as well as they must terrace out he ways through which that change will be implemented successfully. McDonald is striving to encounter the environmental changes by bringing changes in its promotional activities, by making changes it can respond the external and internal factor that are rapidly changing. Change will be made in promotional activities in which organization will boost its image in the mind of customer. Because of that change McDonald is facing some problems to implement the change that is resistance from employees side. Problems that have been encountered by employees are misperception and negative reaction by the customer and employees, culture is not supporting for these changes. Major problem is reaction by employees and customer regarding the implementation of this change. a few of the employees are in favour of changes, they want that integrated marketing communication should be implemented. Others are resisting implementing that change. They are opposing change because they fear that company is going in wrong direction. They think company what ever is expecting would not attain it but it would encounter more problems due to this change. It is also a problem that those who suggested the change to be implemented are not able to properly convey the outcome the organization would gain from that change. Though technology is rapidly developing in these days, information technology has grown more rapidly than any other technology. specifically in the information technology, if organization purchases computers and uses it for marketing purpose as McDonald is expecting to bring the changes but the issue is that, with the passage of time these computer would be outdated and company will have to replace them. It may cause severe losses for the company. This issue has been raised not only by employees but also by customer thats why they are opposing to bring changes. This has created big issue for the McDonalds because it would not be able to achieve desired results that it is expecting from that change. Company may lose the key employees those who basically operate that change because due to resistance many of the employees may quit the McDonald and McDonald may require a number of other employees who can operate and run this change. It is purely technical task and only IT literate person can handle it. Every organization faces barrier when it comes with innovative idea as McDonald is going to implement new change it also facing barriers and organizations success depends upon the change. Barriers may not be in shape of resistance but they may be resources that required bringing change. Stakeholder may resist because they may not rely the proper usage of that communication media, there may short fall of amount because its implementation requires finance. MANAGING THE RESISTANCE It is the responsibility of McDonalds that how wisely it deals these issues because these issues are not as bigger as they are perceived, for this purpose it must ensure the employees that the change is not going to hurt them rather it would be beneficial for the organization and if organization will move in right direction then ultimate benefit will be given to employees. Major problem that is with this change in technology that McDonald is going to introduce is not long lasting because computer is rapidly changing, the growth ration in this sector is high. So stakeholder fear that if this change is brought then it would not be the permanent solution, organization may have to change in future. Thats why it should be considered wisely that technology should perform long lasting duration. Information regarding the change will be provided to the employees would be accurate and every one can easily understand. Third issue that McDonalds have to ensure that after implementation how this program will be carried on, the follow up of this program will be ensured by the top authority of management. Necessary training must be provided to the employees who would directly interact with this change and handle all the activities that would occur after change. McDonalds should provide necessary things to carry on the functions that would be run by the employees. There are differences in cultures among the employees who are working in McDonalds. They would not synchronize the activities with the changes because of their differences in culture thats why it would be more difficult for the management of McDonalds to implement the change properly. Apart from that this is most difficult type of conflict; the reason for this conflict would not be change. While implementing the change McDonalds must ensure that who would be responsible to manage the change if any cultural difference is found it must be observed and they must terrace out subcultures to overcome this problem. They must identify that that would be empowered by this change. For solving these types of problems, the executives of McDonald should form a successful culture of the organization, and tough organization by the use of good control of the stakeholders in organization; they should also provide their needs and wants which they require for the motivation of stakeholders which benefit the stakeholders as well as company. For certifying or confirming the continued success in change implementation, some elements are part of human capital management strategy and plan. These elements include processes and procedures for work, design and structure of organization, management performance and program for providing compensation. Some of the customers of McDonald have also created problems in implementation of change in organization. The McDonald should introduce governance process for ensuring the equality among employees and controlling the people of different cultures. The managing and controlling of people in organization is very difficult and challenging task, if we give careful consideration, attention and focus, on it then it will increase loyalty of employees and hardworking which will benefit the organization and employees. If the management provide reasonable time, advance information, incremental peoples for doing job effectively and provide extra hands and minds then the employees work more than what is expected from them. The not availability of any support in achieving the success from processes is the main clash in execution of change. Change can be implemented in different phases; it can not be implemented just by any decision. The people which are involves in change process must go through their experiences for realizing the objectives of the modification. For success in implementing change and solve these types of clashes the management of McDonald should that the information regarding the change objectives and purposes has been properly distributed to all stakeholders and these all stakeholders such as employees, customers, suppliers, staff should realize that they are m ain source and vital for these changes. The management must be able to identify and predict problems which may be faced by organization and those problems may hamper the employees and other stakeholders from supporting the change. RECOMMENDATIONS To shifting the behaviour and perception of the children about healthy fast food may be very complicated, so success of these changes is very doubtful. There Is also indications to be successful in change implementation because of good features of integrated marketing communication. McDonald should ensure that the new advertisement for the new image has been reached to every child in all countries where the products of the company are available, for this the company may use different types of media that disperse the information. These new advertisements for building image of McDonald should also reach to the parent because these are the parents who purchase the food for their children, and these advertisements should persuade the parents to encourage their children for eating healthy and dietary food. There are many ways for changing and innovation, the more concentration is given to research and development. Novelty can be achieved by less formal changes in the job by exchanging and merging professional experience or other approaches may also be used. Innovation can be defined as new ides, new goods, new activities, new services or practices initiated by organization which are useful in achieving the objective of the business. Innovation is much debated area in modern world, whether the innovation is based on new knowledge or expertise or based on needs of societies or communities and market requirements. The common factor in successful innovation is acknowledgement of demands rather than acknowledgement of technical problems. This innovation will positively result for McDonald; it should try its level best to implement this change any way. For the implementation of this change if it has to encounter few problems its must concentrate on it and try to resolve this problem. There are many possibilities for the McDonalds that it would bring revolution in the food industry and will gain competitive advantage. Thought it is food producing company if it crates this promotional activity not only it would attract customer but also affects positively in the minds customers. CONCLUSION It is utmost priority of every organization that it should improve itself in order to strengthen its capabilities and sustain its competitive advantage. It strives for the attainment of this purpose in shape of introducing change management in the organization. It is the primary responsibility of the McDonalds to bring changes in order to achieve organizational goals and objective in effective manner, due to that it must plan from initial stage of change to proper implementation. The extent of the change management in McDonald as companys marking plans is restricted to execution of incorporated marketing communication. For bringing new things and new activities in organization, the marketing, advertising and promotional operations of the organization must be focused. Normally different communication mediums are used for marketing and advertising and considered as aid for offering services and ideas and products. Resistance may occur before implementing the change, during implementing the change and after implementing the change. thats why these changes are carefully managed as organizations can avoid adverse outcomes of the change because change is brought for the betterment of the organization and   management expects some thing better from that change, if it is not properly implemented and it get victimized of extreme resistance then the expected result would be inverse. Information regarding the change will be provided to the employees would be accurate and every one can easily understand. Third issue that McDonalds have to ensure that after implementation how this program will be carried on, the follow up of this program will be ensured by the top authority of management. This innovation will positively result for McDonald; it should try its level best to implement this change any way. For the implementation of this change if it has to encounter few problems its must concentrate on it and try to resolve this problem.  

Saturday, October 12, 2019

The Role of Consciousness in To Kill a Mockingbird :: Literary Analysis, Critical Analysis

When an old tired town does not have any good economic sources you might think that a parent won’t care about his or her children. In the novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Atticus is the father of Jem and Scout. Atticus is like middle class in his society and is as one parent he is a good father unlike the Ewells father. The Finches are a loving family and sharing because the father teaches them different things about life he tells them how a gentleman and a lady would act and should say. Also theirs other people in the novel that also help Jem and Scout understand about life and what it leads to. One thing about learning conscience is that everything in life is not a joke. Atticus has thought Jem and Scout a lot of things in life. Atticus hasn’t been a bad father he is like a mom and dad in one. He also tries not to be so hard on his kids because their children and sometimes don’t know what they’re doing. Jem and Scout also have Calpurnia to take care of them and teach them something’s. But the Ewells are different from the Finches family. The Ewells are a poor and lonely family that nobody really is friendly with. Bob Ewells was a father of 8 kids and he was not that nice he dranked a lot and didn’t have respect for no one. Calpurnia had thought Scout some lessons in life to, Scout once had invited one of her classmate she got in a fight with to eat at her house. Scout had insult the boy because of the way he ate and Calpurnia told her â€Å"Theres some folks who don’t eat like us, but you aint called to contradiet ‘em at the table when they don’t. That boy’s yo’ comp’ny and if he wants to eat up the table cloth you let him, you hear† (24). Calpurnia was trying to tell Scout not to judge the boy because they all had different lives. Scout also had Aunt Alexandra to teach her about life because she was also like a mother to Scout. Aunt Alexandra acts a little more like a high rich standard she talks about how to act and pick her friends.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Dementia awareness Essay

What is dementia? Dementia is a gradual loss of brain functions. The most common form of dementia is caused by Alzheimer’s disease but there are many other forms of dementia including: alcohol related dememtias,vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementias and Lewy body dementia. Key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia. Each case of dementia is different. The area of the brain affected will depend on the type of dementia. Dementia can affect every area of thinking, feeling, and behaviour. It will eventually also affect the persons physical functions. Why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia? All the above manifest with similar symptoms. Depression coupled with age related memory impairment looks the same as dementia to the untrained eye. Depression and delirium can be treated with medication. However, once treated, age related memory loss can be assessed. If it is dementia it can not be cured although medication can be used to ease the symptoms. Medical model of dementia Dementia as a clinical syndrome is characterised by global cognitive impairment,which represents a decline from previous level of functioning, and is associated with impairment in functional abilities and, in many cases, behavioural and psychiatric disturbances. The Social Model definition of dementia ‘The loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in the community on an equal level with others because of physical and social barriers’ and refers to being disabled as having an impairment defined as ‘the loss or limitation of physical, mental or sensory function on a long-term or permanent basis’. Why is dementia viewed as a disability? In contrast to a medical model the social model regards dementia as an impairment, where a marked difference can be made to quality of life by the  way people with dementia are supported. Common causes of dementia The main common causes of dementia are age, genetics and medical history. These factors coupled with any possible other medical diseases can cause or accompany dementia, such as: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Dementia with Lewy Bodies Down Syndrome Frontotemporal Dementia Huntington’s Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment Mixed Dementia Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Posterior Cortical Atrophy Parkinson’s Disease Dementia Traumatic Brain Injury Vascular Dementia Korsakoff Syndrome Dementia risk and possible prevention The main risk factors of dementia are age and genetics, this cannot be changed. However, researchers continue to explore the impact of other risk factors on brain health and prevention of dementia. Some of the most active areas of research in risk reduction and prevention include cardiovascular factors, physical fitness, and diet.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Business: Eating and Finagle A Bagel Essay

1. How has the business cycle affected Finagle A Bagel? * The business cycle has affected the Finagle A Bagel in a positive way. I say this because the business is spreading and opening up more restaurants, so the business cycle has had a successful impact on the business even though running the business is nonstop. 2. What is Finagle A Bagel doing to differentiate itself from competitors that want a share of consumers’ dining dollars? * The Finagle A Bagel restaurant uses high quality, fresh products, courteous and competent employees, clean, attractive and inviting restaurants to differentiate themselves from competitors. 3. Why would Finagle A Bagel donate bagels to local charities rather than give them away to customers or employees? * The Finagle A Bagel would donate bagels to local charities due to the fact of it raising awareness of the businesses name in the community and surrounding areas. By doing this, it will increase peoples interests to eat at the restaurant due to the good they served in the community. 4. If you wanted to open a bagel restaurant in Hong Kong, would you license the Finagle A Bagel brand? Why or why not? * Yes, I would open a business in Hong Kong and license the Finagle A Bagel brand. I would do this because it is a very popular business that has a good name out for them. It would be a great opportunity to spread the greatness of this business. If I opened a business in Hong Kong and licensed the Finagle A bagel brand, it would bring many opportunities into the area such as donated unused bagels in this area of the world.

Bartleby the Scrivener Essay

In the course of the story the narrator describes the each characters however such is limited only to their performance in the workplace and none was revealed in their personal life. The narrator who is a lawyer in Wall Street keeps a company of three people, Turkey, Nippers, and Bartleby. Turkey, and English man who has a strange temperament that that the narrators likened to a sun rising in the morning rendering a calm atmosphere and becomes rather too hot in midday that lasts until dinner. Nippers on the other hand is the antithesis of Turkey. He is irritable in the morning and is rather calm in the afternoon. Aside from this, he also â€Å"dresses like a gentleman† as the narrator would put it in contrast to Turkey whose fashion statement is anything but appealing to the author (Melville, 1935). The narrator says he keeps Turkey and Nippers in his office because they efficient despite their mood swing. Perhaps they can be likened to the typical office clerks who got fed up with the monotony of their jobs that they have developed outburst as ways of coping. Nothing is revealed of their personal life but since they are described as efficient by the author, then there is the assumption that despite their mood swings and peculiar outbursts they are likable. On the case of Bartleby, on which the story’s title is attributed, the narrator finds him rather odd. He is a copyist same as Nippers and Turkey however he refuses to do other things such as reading a file or sending mail. As the story ends it is revealed that he works for the Dead Letter Office and as the author puts it, Bartleby is â€Å"prone to a pallid hopelessness† and his work in the Dead Letter Office only cultivated his depression (Melville, 1935). Bartleby exhibits passive resistance which is connected to his detachment from society and his roles. It can be interpreted as his refusal to be a slave to the corporate world by doing what he wishes. Overall, he poses no threat to his Boss since he can choose to dispose him whichever way he pleases but his Boss exhibits a remarkable form of charity and pity towards him. He even offers his house for Bartleby to stay at. At the end of the story when he heard rumors of Bartleby’s previous occupation he took pity on him and how his job has destroyed him.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Advantages, Disadvantages, and Roles of International Mergers and Essay

Advantages, Disadvantages, and Roles of International Mergers and Acquisitions - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that acquisitions refer to a process in which a company transfers the control operations and management to another company and of becomes unit of the acquirer. Acquisitions are run by the same name of the company, which has greater financial power in terms of stocks and shares. Mergers refer to the operational and management combination of two firms to create a new legal firm. Two merged firms lead to increased core strength and operational synergy, which position them on an international market. Mergers and acquisitions provide a potential feature to leverage superior organizational capabilities, enhance market power, reduce costs, and access complementary resources. A number of M&As theories and concepts have been developed such as empire building, disciplinary and synergistic, hubris hypothesis, and market power gain, which are not mutually exclusive because a firm can decide to gain market power and at the same time focused on building an empire. According to Ferreira, Santos, Almeida, and Reis, firms have diversified reasons for implementing the M&A including possible contributions of becoming global firms through attaining synergy value, better international market position, and broader market access. AT&T is a multinational firm that offers telecommunications services. Recently, the company acquired Direct TV to form a firm that would cater for a new telecom and television needs as well as developing the company into and global organization offering telecommunication services to China, United States, and the rest of the world. Synergistic M&A framework compromises of managerial, financial, operational, and market power market topologies. International mergers and acquisitions are associated with various advantages linked to the M&As theories, which also play as the key drivers towards a company’s breakthrough in the international market. Â  The advantages range from the financial aspect of the workforce t hat contributes towards the achievement of international goals set by the firm. Some advantages to the buyer (acquirer) may be the disadvantage to the seller and vice versa.

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 74

Leadership - Essay Example This trait would be most useful in an athletic department especially in the area of delegation of authority, for example, in the selection of a team captain. The team captain would have to be a person who has a very high achievement drive. The rest of the players look up to the captain of the team as their natural leader bath in the field and as a team. The captain must therefore have demonstrated high levels of effort both during practice and in competition situations. He must be able to rally the team into action through his/ her natural charisma as this acts as a booster of team morale (Arvey, 2006). The captain must have a demonstrable high ambition for the team and other team members so that he is a holistic team player. High energy levels in the captain must be evident as this will serve to revive the team when they are undergoing a slump during competitions or practice sessions. Personal initiative is very desirable in a team captain as this will make him a very effective situ ational leader on the field and also off-field (Yukl,

Monday, October 7, 2019

Compare Bible Genesis Chapter 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare Bible Genesis Chapter 13 - Essay Example The first one was written during the time when Israel had kings ruling Jerusalem and before their deportation to Babylon in 587 BC. The customary scholarly description for the earlier custom, which extends sporadically all through the Pentateuch, is the Yahwist or J tradition. Many scholars would date the later creation story in Genesis 1:1 2:3 to a time after 587BC and the exile to Babylon. It is also argued that it may have been written even later i.e. after the return to Judah in 539BC during the Persian period. This tradition is called as the priestly tradition or the P tradition. There are lots of difference between the Y tradition and the P tradition (Shelley) The two chapters of Genesis fulfil every aspect of a Myth, or a kind of Myth conclusion. There are two accounts of creation in the genesis and they surely contradict each other. It is absolutely old and deals with a paranormal being that a society found vital. Therefore the first two chapters are an atheist's best friend and a Christian's nightmare. It is a blatant contradiction in what is claimed to be a divinely inspired document. In the first God created mankind on the sixth day. After making everything else, finally he creates mankind. Then he rests. In the subsequent creation the timeline is not broken up into days. But the first thing God does is to make Man before he makes even plants.

Saturday, October 5, 2019

Impact of NAFTA on the US economy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact of NAFTA on the US economy - Term Paper Example economy over a period of time with respect to U.S. trade balance, employments, jobs, and wages. NAFTA and its impact of United States Economy According to Teslik (2009) NAFTA, implemented in January 1994, and signed by Democratic President Bill Clinton, is a trilateral free trade deal between United States, Canada, and Mexico. The primary objective of the agreement is to eliminate several tariffs on products traded among the United States, Mexico, and Canada. Terms of the agreement were aimed to eliminate these tariffs in a gradual manner. The agreement was not fully implemented before 1 January, 2008. The deal phased out export tariffs in several industries, in particular, agriculture, and reduced taxes on textiles and automobiles. NAFTA implemented intellectual property protection, instituted a dispute regulation system, and established regional labor and environmental safeguard. However there is some criticism and lobbying when it comes to establishing regional labor and environme ntal safeguards (What is NATA? para. 2). NAFTA’s impact on trade Since NAFTA’s implementation, trade relation between United States, Mexico, and Canada have diversified substantially. However, there is expert’s disagreement on the extent of such expansion which is directly associated with NAFTA (Teslik, 2009, para.6).According to the data from the office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) as Teslik (2009) states: The United States chief negotiator in foreign trade and major booster of NAFTA and other free trade accords, the overall value of intra-North American trade has more than tripled since the agreement inception. The USTR adds that regional business investment in the United States rose 117 percent between 1993 and 2007, as compared to a 45 percent rise in the fourteen years prior period. Trade with NAFTA partners now accounts for more than 80 percent of Canadian and Mexican trade, and more than a third of U.S. trade. (para.6) Trade deficit and unemplo yment NAFTA’s impact on U.S. economy has been subjected to the â€Å"boom-and-bust† cycle that directed domestic consumption, investment, and speculation in the mid- and late 1990s.Between 1994 and 2000, there was rapid increase in employments in the United States which caused substantial decrease in an overall unemployment rate. However, unemployment rise in 2001 resulted in the loss of 2.4 million jobs in domestic economy during March 2001 and October 2003(Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003 as cited in Scott, 2003, p.3).The primary sector of these job losses was manufacturing which underwent a total decline of 2.4 million jobs since early 2001.With the dried job growth in the economy, other underlying issues stemming from U.S. trade deficit became more evident, particularly in manufacturing sector (Scott, 2003, p.3). After three decades of steadily growing global trade deficit, United States experienced rapid increase in these deficit after the implementation of NAFTA in1996.In 2002,foreign exports constitute 11.6 percent of total U.S. exports to Mexico and Canada(Scott,2003,p.3).Though, U.S. domestic exports to NAFTA partners experienced a dramatic increase(95.2 percent to Mexico, and 41 percent to Canada), increase in imports of 195.3 percent from Mexico and 61.1 percent from Canada exceeds the exports growth overwhelmingly(EPI analysis of BSL and Census Bureau as cited in Scott,2003,p.3).As a result,$30 billion U.S. net export deficit with Mexico and Canada increased by 281 percent